Scientific articles are retracted infrequently, yet have the potential to influence the scientific literature for years. The only randomised controlled trial to explore the effects of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease was retracted in 2008 due to falsified data. The objective of this research was to determine the frequency and nature of cit...

PURPOSE The objective of this study was to clinically evaluate the frequency, type, and risk factors for lingual nerve damage after mandibular third molar surgery with reference to lingual flap retraction. PATIENTS AND METHODS A total of fifty-five patients referred for bilateral mandibular third molar removal were included in this study. Each patient was randomly allotted to have the procedu...

A 12-year-old girl presented with esotropia and face turn since birth. Ocular motility examination showed restricted abduction associated with down shoot and retraction on attempted abduction characteristic of inverse Duane's retraction syndrome. To the best of our knowledge, this is one of the very few reported cases of congenital inverse Duane's retraction syndrome.

Three patients with myasthenia gravis had transient retraction of the upper eyelids which usually followed prolonged upgaze and which persisted for many seconds. This could result from post-tetanic facilitation, myotonia, or a transient contracture. Retraction of this type is to be distinguished from both the long-standing unilateral retraction associated with ptosis of the contralateral eyelid...

BACKGROUND To evaluate the effectiveness of two minimally invasive surgical procedures in the acceleration of canine retraction: piezocision and laser-assisted flapless corticotomy (LAFC). METHODS Trial design: A single-centre randomized controlled trial with a compound design (two-arm parallel-group design and a split-mouth design for each arm). PARTICIPANTS 36 Class II division I patients...

BACKGROUND Ten to seventy percent of rotator cuff repairs form a recurrent defect after surgery. The relationship between retraction of the repaired tendon and formation of a recurrent defect is not well defined. PURPOSE/ HYPOTHESES: To measure the prevalence, timing, and magnitude of tendon retraction after rotator cuff repair and correlate these outcomes with formation of a full-thickness rec...

Constraint retraction, while being certainly a very convenient feature in many situations, is usually not provided in current constraint programming environments. In this paper we describe how constraint retraction can be incorporated in the FD constraint solver and we evaluate its behavior within the clp(FD) system. Experimental results on usual benchmarks and also on classes of problems of in...

[Purpose] The purpose of present study was to develop an exercise device for assisting neck retraction exercise and to investigate its effectiveness. [Subjects] Fifteen male subjects were recruited. [Methods] The subjects performed the neck retraction exercises with and without assistive device for neck retraction (ANR). EMG activities of the lower cervical erector spinae (LCE), and sternocleid...

A Retraction of the Perspective Article:Engaging Citizen in Circular Economy: Transcending Passive Consumer RoleBy Milios L (2022) Engaging citizen circular economy: passive consumer role. Front. Sustain. 3:980047. doi: 10.3389/frsus.2022.980047The journal retracts 17 August 2022 article cited above.“A complaint was filed to our office stating that parts above had been copied without permission...