This investigation was undertaken to evaluate the functional contribution of the peptide backbone of oxytocin in its interaction with receptor. Corey-Pauling-Koltun models of (Gly-7) deaminooxytocin, deaminotocinamide, and their respective retro-D-analogs built in any specific conformation (e.g., the Walter-Urry model for oxytocin) have a quai-equivalent topochemical arrangement of amino-acid s...

Three analogues of the model peptide of sequence IRGERA corresponding to the COOH-terminal residues 130-135 of histone H3 were synthesized, and their antigenicity, immunogenicity, and resistance to trypsin were compared to those of the natural L-peptide. The three analogues correspond to the D-enantiomer, containing only D-residues, and two retro-peptides containing NH-CO bonds instead of natur...

New studies show that the elastic properties of the vocal folds (VFs) vary locally. In particular strong gradients exist in the distribution of elastic modulus along the length of the VF ligament, which is an important load-bearing constituent of the VF tissue. There is further evidence that changes in VF health are associated with alterations in modulus gradients. The role of VF modulus gradat...

Noticing certain limitations of concept lattices in the fuzzy context, especially view their practical applications, this paper, we propose a more general approach based on what call graded preconcept lattices. We believe that is adequate for dealing with information then one consider two possible gradation methods lattice—an inner one, called D-gradation and an outer M-gradation, study propert...

Background and Objective: The quality of flat breads depends in part on the textural and structural properties of breads during storage. These properties are largely affected by flour quality. This research aimed at evaluating textural and structural properties of Lavash bread types during storage by different techniques, comparing these methods and determination of correlation between their re...

In infected mammalian cells, Leishmania parasites reside within specialized compartments called parasitophorous vacuoles (LPVs). We have previously shown that Retro-2, a member of a novel class of small retrograde pathway inhibitors caused reduced LPV sizes and lower parasite numbers during experimental L. mexicana sp. infections. The purpose of this study was to determine if structural analogs...

BACKGROUND Perceptual attention enhances the processing of items in the environment, whereas internal attention enhances processing of items encoded in visual working memory. In perceptual and internal attention cueing paradigms, cues indicate the to-be-probed item before (pre-cueing) or after (retro-cueing) the memory display, respectively. Pre- and retro-cues confer similar behavioral accurac...

Retro-aortic left innominate vein is a rare vascular abnormality, usually associated with congenital heart disease. Here we report a case of isolated retro-aortic left innominate vein in an adult female.

Retro-aldol reactions have been implicated as the limiting steps in catalytic routes to convert biomass-derived hexoses and pentoses into valuable C2, C3, and C4 products such as glycolic acid, lactic acid, 2-hydroxy-3-butenoic acid, 2,4-dihydroxybutanoic acid, and alkyl esters thereof. Due to a lack of efficient retro-aldol catalysts, most previous investigations of catalytic pathways involvin...