Background: At present, there is no consensus for optimal orbital infection management in invasive fungal rhinosinusitis patients. This the first retrospective cohort study aimed to determine efficacy and side effects of retrobulbar amphotericin B injection Methodology: A chart review was conducted from 2005 2020. Thirty-six patients (forty-two orbits) diagnosed with invasion, treated or withou...

Within 48 hours after an intraperitoneal injection of sodium cyanide, abnormalities are evident in the retrobulbar portion of rat optic nerves. Electron microscopy initially shows swelling of astrocytes but progressively increasing damage, primarily to axones, is evident later. Six weeks after intoxication the retrobulbar segment of the nerves are devastated but the retinas and prechiasmal port...

The diagnosis of optic neuritis and particularly retrobulbar optic neuritis when atypical and not responsive to corticosteroid treatment may need to be revised. This is now especially so in male patients who should be questioned regarding their taking a phosphodiasterase-5 inhibitor in particular Viagra. The case history of such a patient is presented who sustained posterior ischaemic optic neu...

For many years, retrobulbar and peribulbar anesthesia were the standard for cataract surgery; however, many serious adverse effects have been reported (1, 2). With the introduction of modern phacoemulsification cataract surgery, topical anesthesia without retrobulbar or periocular injections has become a well-established, minimally invasive technique (3). The addition of intracameral lidocaine ...

Goldfish (Carassius auratus, var. japonicus, subvar. bicaudatus) respond to the administration of thyrotrophic hormone with exophthalmos. Eye protrusion increases with simultaneous injections of corticotrophin. Retrobulbar injections of normal saline, human serum or pituitary hormones produce a transient exophthalmos, which is much more persistent when thyrotrophin is injected. Previous treatme...

A surgical biopsy of an infiltrative retrobulbar mass in a 44-year-old man was diagnosed as granular cell tumour. Electron microscopy and immunoperoxidase stains were used to confirm the diagnosis and to study the histogenesis of this rare soft tissue neoplasm. S-100 stain was positive, while neuron-specific enolase and myoglobin stains were negative, suggesting a non-specific neural origin for...

Some evidence suggests that the primary locus of the lesion in Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) may be intraocular rather than retrobulbar. To clarify this issue, the condition of the retrobulbar portion of the optic nerve was evaluated in patients with the acute stage of LHON. High resolution MRI with fast spin echo sequences of the optic nerve complex in the orbit was carried out. F...

Ocular pain can be multi-factorial and often refractory to treatment, in spite of the myriad options available to the ophthalmologist for its management. Initial therapy entails the use of topical and systemic pressure lowering agents as well as anti-inflammatory/analgesics for the provision of relief. Those refractory to medical therapy may require surgical intervention in the form of cyclodes...