§1. The basic definitions and the main theorem. 1. Definition. (1) We define addition on 2 as addition modulo 2 on each component, i.e., if x, y, z ∈ 2 and x+ y = z then for every n we have z(n) = x(n) + y(n) (mod 2). (2) For A,B ⊆ 2 and x ∈ 2 we set x + A = {x + y : y ∈ A}, and we define A + B similarly. (3) We denote the Lebesgue measure on 2 with μ. We say that X ⊆ 2 is null-additive if for ...

A wideband on-body antenna for a wireless body area network for an Industrial, Scientific, and Medical band is proposed. A wideband characteristic is achieved by combining two zeroth-order resonance (ZOR) modes at adjacent frequencies by controlling the value of the shunt capacitance. The size of the proposed antenna is 0.072λ0 × 0.33λ0, and the measured 10-dB return loss bandwidth is 340 MHz (...

In this paper we study a cost allocation problem that is inherent to most energy networks: the allocation of losses. In particular, we study how to allocate gas losses between haulers in gas transmission networks. We discuss four allocation rules, two of them have already been in place in real networks and two others that are defined for the first time in this paper. We then present a comparati...

1 Chaos control techniques have been applied to a wide variety of experimental systems, including magneto-elastic ribbons 1], lasers 2], chemical reactions 3], arrhythmic cardiac tissue 4], and spontaneously bursting neuronal networks 5]. An underlying assumption in all of these studies is that the system being controlled is chaotic. However, the identiication of chaos in experimental systems, ...

The empirical joint distribution of return-pairs on stock indices displays high tail-dependence in the lower tail and low tail-dependence in the upper tail. The presence of tail-dependence is not compatible with the assumption of (conditional) joint normality. The presence of asymmetric-tail dependence is not compatible with the assumption of a joint student -t distribution. A general test for ...

We have developed a 7-core-fiber connector. To maintain both the ferrule floating mechanism and precise alignment around the ferrule axis, we employed Oldham's coupling mechanism inside the MUtype connector plug housing and realized an average attenuation of 0.13 dB and an average return loss of 46.8 dB.

We present a novel technique for efficient coding of texture to be mapped on 3D landscapes. The technique enables to stream the data across the network using a back-channel. The use of Wavelet and Discrete Cosine Transforms is investigated and compared. This technology has been proposed has a tool for the emerging MPEG-4 standard.

A novel ultra-broadband printed monopole antenna with 10 dB return loss bandwidth from 2.1-21.5GHz is proposed. This printed monopole antenna is constructed using cross-slotted modified circular patch with etched ground plane. This UWB printed monopole antenna is microstrip-fed with a triangular tapered input line for broadband matching.

Interactive Digital Television is mostly a matter of entertainment for developed countries, but bears great potential to narrow the digital divide in developing countries. The television’s return channel might become the family’s gate to the Information Society. For this to come true, however, digital receivers and return channel technologies must reach cost levels that enable mass penetration....

We examine the effectiveness of the individual-punishment mechanism in larger groups, comparing groups of four to groups of 40 participants. We find that the individual punishment mechanism is remarkably robust when the marginal per capita return (MPCR), i.e. the return to each participant from each dollar that is contributed, is held constant. Moreover, the efficiency gains from the punishment...