Low-temperature bainite, obtained by the transformation of austenite at temperatures as low as 200oC for times as large as several days, has been reported to have extraordinary mechanical properties including the highest reported hardness of any bainitic steel. The unusual properties are a consequence of the fine scale of the microstructure, which contains bainite plates with thickness in the r...

Cementite dissolution in hypereutectoid steels containing Cr is analyzed using dilatometry combined with the consideration of the carbon content in the austenite. The results suggest that the austenite transformed from the mixture of ferrite and cementite can be approximated to have a carbon content corresponding to equilibrium with ferrite. The overall dissolution behavior of cementite is desc...

Superelastic NiTi (51.0 at.% Ni) specimens reinforced with 0, 10 and 20 vol.% TiC particles were deformed under uniaxial compression while neutron diffraction spectra were collected. The experiments yielded in-situ measurements of the thermoelastic stress-induced transformation. The evolution of austenite/martensite phase fractions and of elastic strains in the reinforcing TiC particles and the...

where k and h are the Boltzmann and Planck constants, respectively, W is the number of octahedral interstices around a single such interstice, ~F* is an activation free energy, r m is an activity coefficient and), is the distance betwe-en (002) austenite planes. <1'= 1exp(-wy/kT); Wy is the nearest neighbour carbon-carbon interaction energy in austenite. () is the ratio of the number of carbon ...

To study the effects of various types of precipitates and precipitate evolution behavior on austenite (size and phase fraction) in reduced activation ferritic/martensitic (RAFM) steel, RAFM steel was heated to various austenitizing temperatures. The microstructures of specimens were observed using optical microscopy (OM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results indicate that the ...

Fig. 1: Maps of the deviatoric strain of the B2 austenite along the vertical y axis (εyy) from x-ray diffraction analysis. The global displacements for these maps are shown in the upper left corner of each image. The dark lines illustrate the approximate location of the edges of the diamond strut. The red color indicates tensile strain whereas blue indicates compressive strain; note also the pr...

Purpose: of this paper is the effect of the soft annealing of initial microstructure of the 6Mn16 steel on the kinetics of the austenite formation during next intercritical annealing. Design/methodology/approach: Analytical TEM point analysis with EDAX system attached to Philips CM20 was used to evaluate the concentration of Mn, Ni and Cr in the microstructure constituents of the multiphase ste...

The effect of strain path changes on the microstructure/crystallographic texture characteristics was studied in a 22Cr-6Ni-3Mo duplex stainless steel subjected to several deformation regimes comprising forward and reverse torsion, performed at a temperature of 1000 °C using a strain rate of 1 s. A high-resolution EBSD technique, utilising an FEI Sirion FEG SEM in conjunction with a HKL Technolo...

In this work the different contributions to the thermoelectric power (TEP) measurement during the dissolution process of M23C6 carbides in an X45Cr13 stainless steel have been evaluated. Thus, the influences of carbon and chromium contents in solid solution in the austenite, the austenite grain boundaries and the microstructure on the TEP have been determined.