this study examined historical and religious characters and events emanating myth of phoenix manifesting renewal and resurrection after death and destruction in adonis’s poetries. these concepts is symbols of realities in arabic societies. adonis described the society in vortex of leeway, inaction and absolute death. considering phoenix as a symbol of revolutionary human, adonis tried to back t...

One important problem concerning incommensurability is to explain how theories that are incommensurable can nevertheless compete. In this paper I shall briefly review Kuhn’s account of the difference between revolutionary and non-revolutionary conceptual developments. I shall argue that his taxonomic approach and the no-overlap principle it entails does not suffice to distinguish between revolu...

The 1963 LINC (Laboratory INstrument Computer) stands at the center of two stories: the computerization of the biologist's laboratory and the advent of small-scale computing. The brainchild of Wesley Clark, 'the most brilliant computer designer of his generation', LINC was developed specifically to address the failure of biologists to adopt computer technology. To meet their unique needs, Clark...

Many proposals for evaluating cognitive architectures rely partly on an analogy between cognitive science and other sciences. We therefore reflect on the relations between cognitive science, cognitive architectures and other sciences. Some important differences caution against the misguided use of some evaluation approaches. Some unique characteristics of human intelligence motivate the need fo...

the state of post revolutionary iran adopted economic policies over 1980-1988 which we can phrase redistributive economic policies. according to a part of revolutionary literature, adoption of these policies by the post revolutionary state is, partly, one of the structural features of that state. but it is not a main debate of this article. rather, basic concern of the article, as some of the p...

In a parity judgment task, the ERPs at parietal electrode sites become more negative as more mental rotation has to be executed. This article provides a review of the empirical evidence regarding this amplitude modulation. More specifically, experiments are reported that validate both the functional relationship between mental rotation and the amplitude modulation as well as the temporal relati...

We investigated whether concurrent processing of a tone (T1) interferes with early sensory-perceptual processing of a visual target (T2) in variants of the psychological refractory period paradigm using the event-related potential (ERP) method and 70-channel electroencephalographic recordings. T1, which required a speeded response, was presented in all trials. In half of the trials, T1 was foll...

M. A. Van Selst, E. Ruthruff, and J. C. Johnston (1999) found that practice dramatically reduced dual-task interference in a Psychological Refractory Period (PRP) paradigm with 1 vocal response and 1 manual response. Results from 3 further experiments using the highly trained participants of M. A. Van Selst et al. (1999) support 4 main conclusions: (a) A processing bottleneck exists even after ...