IMPORTANCE Depression has been identified as a risk factor for dementia among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus but the cognitive domains and patient groups most affected have not been identified. OBJECTIVE To determine whether comorbid depression in patients with type 2 diabetes accelerates cognitive decline. DESIGN A 40-month cohort study of participants in the Action to Control Card...

Practice effects in memory testing complicate the interpretation of score changes over repeated testings, particularly in clinical applications. Consequently, several alternative forms of the Auditory Verbal Learning Test (AVLT) have been developed. Studies of these typically indicate that the forms examined are equivalent. However, the implication that the forms in the literature are interchan...

Cross-cultural effects on neuropsychological and cognitive test performance may mean that normative data obtained from North American and European samples do not apply to the South African population. There is a need for normative studies on the South African population in order to effectively test individuals on, for instance, neuropsychological tests such as those used to identify Alzheimer’s...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the efficacy and safety of soybean-derived phosphatidylserine (SB-PS) (300 mg/day) in improving cognitive performance in elderly with memory complaints, following a short duration of 12 weeks' SB-PS administration. METHODS SB-PS was administered daily for 12 weeks to 30 elderly volunteers with memory complaints (age range 50-90 years). Cognitive performance was determine...

OBJECTIVE This study investigated the relationship between patients' reasoning about medication adherence and neurocognitive and clinical indices for a treatment-compliant sample of Japanese patients with schizophrenia. METHODS Subjective reasoning about medication adherence was assessed by the Rating of Medication Influences (ROMI) scale. General intelligence, executive function, and verbal ...

The relationship between the degree and distribution of hippocampal atrophy measured by volumetric magnetic resonance imaging and severity of memory deficits in 25 patients with temporal lobe epilepsy secondary to mesial temporal sclerosis was assessed. Hippocampal volumes were expressed as a ratio of smaller to larger, normal ratio greater than 0.95. Neuropsychology tests included: subtests of...

Twenty-five older and 25 younger adults were compared on declarative (i.e., Rey Auditory-Verbal Learning Test and Visual Pair Associations) and procedural (i.e., Tower of Hanoi puzzle and Porteus mazes) learning tasks. A dissociation between learning rate on declarative and procedural tasks was demonstrated for the elderly participants. The younger group showed a steeper learning rate than the ...

The Verbal Learning Test (VLT; Rey, 1958) evaluates the declarative memory. Despite its extensive use, it has been difficult to establish normative data because test administration has not been uniform. The purpose of the present study was to gather normative data for the VLT for a large number (N = 1855) of healthy participants aged 24-81 years, using a procedure in which the words to be learn...

Nonverbal memory focuses on the remembrance of information that cannot be described or put into a verbal component, such as remembering a person’s face, identifying abstract stimuli, or remembering objects. Because nonverbal memory focuses on the remembrance of things that cannot be put into words it is a difficult construct to measure accurately. One area that is of great importance in the ass...