This paper considers the computational complexity of automatically determining assembly sequences for mechanical products. Specifically, we address the partitioning problem: given an assembly of rigid parts, identify a proper subassembly that can be removed as a rigid object without disturbing the rest of the assembly. We examine the complexity of the partitioning problem under varying types of...

left-handed (two-component) neutrinos νe, νμ, and ντ with the left-handed fields se, sμ, and sτ that are the charge conjugates of the right-handed neutrino fields νre, νrμ, νrτ , i.e., se = −iσ2 ν∗ re = (ν† re2,−ν re1), etc. The six left-handed neutrino fields form a six-vector, N = (νe, νμ, ντ , se, sμ, sτ ). The only mass term available for two left-handed neutrino fields Ni and Nj isMij (Ni1...

The con ver sion of right-handed dsDNA and dsRNA to the left-handed Z-con-formation in volves a re or ga ni za tion of the nu cleo tides rel a tive to each other. This con-ver sion can be fa cil i tated by the tight bind ing of a Z-conformation-specific pro tein domain from the ed it ing en zyme dsRNA adenosine deaminase. This may in flu ence the mod i fi ca tion of both pre-mRNAs as well as so...

Metamaterials are artificial structures that are designed to exhibit specific electromagnetic properties required for different applications but not commonly found in nature. The methodology of synthesizing materials composed of microand nano-structured components that mimic the electromagnetic response of individual atoms and molecules (meta-atoms and meta-molecules) has proven to be very prod...

Among 227 chronic renal disease patients, micrometer caliper radiogrammetric measurements of the second metacarpal at midshaft showed the right metacarpal to be larger (with greater bone area) and with a greater cortical area than the left second metacarpal, both in 208 right-handed individuals and in 19 left-handed individuals. This direction of asymmetry was individually characteristic of the...

We review the information about a potentially strong non-standard four-neutrino interaction that can be obtained from available experimental data. By using LEP results and nucleosynthesis data we find that a contact four-fermion neutrino interaction that involve only left-handed neutrinos or both left-handed and right-handed neutrinos cannot be stronger than the standard weak interactions. A mu...