Men are more often victims of events like car accidents or (violent) crimes than women with the sole exception of sexual assault. Based on the theory of sexual selection, it has been argued that these sex differences in both perpetration and victimization rates can be attributed to sex differences in risk taking and short-term orientation. Men are expected to be more risk prone than women becau...

Objective: The aim of this paper is to assess the level of knowledge on HIV/AIDS and its risk factors, attitude towards HIV/AIDS and AIDS patients and its transmission, and to identify high risk behaviors associated with HIV/AIDS among university students in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region. Methodology: A cross– sectional survey was conducted among students enrolled in two universities, t...

This paper examines Chinese students’ risk attitude using buying and selling experiments with lotteries. We found that subjects were more risk averse in the buying experiment than in the selling experiment, suggesting the endowment effect. In the selling experiment, subjects were risk loving when there was a low win probability and risk averse with a high win probability, whereas they were risk...

Recent literature emphasizes the role that testosterone, as well as markers indicating early exposure to T and its organizing effect on the brain (such as the ratio of second to fourth finger, [Formula: see text]), have on performance in financial markets. These results may suggest that the main effect of T, either circulating or in fetal exposure, on economic behavior occurs through the increa...

Given their reference point, most people tend to be risk averse over gains and risk seeking over losses. Therefore, they exhibit a dual risk attitude which is reference dependent. This paper considers an adaptive process for choice under risk such that, in spite of a permanent short-run dual risk attitude, the agent eventually learns to make risk neutral choices. The adaptive process is based o...

Modelling choice in multi-period asset pricing requires assumptions about how prior outcomes affect risk attitude. We present an experimental study of the influence of prior outcomes on risky choice. We document a strong framing effect. By manipulating the presentation format of the decision problem we can induce increased risk taking following a gain, i.e. the house-money effect (Thaler and Jo...

Many results involving expected utility theory call upon the notions of absolute risk aversion, prudence and/or temperance. The present paper exploits a representation of the FriedmanSavage utility premium to give a general foundation for such coefficients and for their higherorder extensions.

We explore the relevance of the risk attitude of managers to the investment-uncertainty relation. Higher moments of the distribution of net profits are used to measure the risk premium of the firm, from which we derive a proxy for the risk aversion of managers. Using an unbalanced panel of Dutch listed firms, we find that in general a low degree of risk aversion coincides with a positive impact...

Four experiments are presented that explore situations in which a decision maker has to rely on personal experience in an attempt to minimize delays. Experiment 1 shows that risk-attitude in these timesaving decisions is similar to risk-attitude in money-related decisions from experience: A risky prospect is more attractive than a safer prospect with the same expected value only when it leads t...