Digitalization heralds a new era of enterprise IT. It challenges CIOs to find a balance between renovating legacy IT and seizing the opportunities of digital technologies to keep up with competitors and start-ups. This requires organizations to operate two software development modes simultaneously: the traditional and the agile mode. Despite substantial research on both modes, little is known a...

Digging activities are considered the largest cause of damage to underground cables and pipelines. Contractors can reduce the risk through detection, which will cost time and thus money. In the Netherlands, maps are the prime source of information on the location of cables/pipelines and detection time strongly depends on whether maps indicate the presence of cables and pipelines. Poor quality m...

Conventional reinforcement learning methods for Markov decision processes rely on weakly-guided, stochastic searches to drive the learning process. It can therefore be difficult to predict what agent behaviors might emerge. In this paper, we consider an information-theoretic cost function for performing constrained stochastic searches that promote the formation of risk-averse to risk-favoring b...

It is now widely accepted that biochemical reaction networks can perform computations. Examples are kinetic proof reading, gene regulation, or signalling networks. For many of these systems it was found that their computational performance is limited by a trade-off between the metabolic cost, the speed and the accuracy of the computation. In order to gain insight into the origins of these trade...

Time-cost trade off problem is one of the highly important issues in project accomplishment and has been ever taken into consideration by project managers. Time and cost as two critical objectives of construction project management, are not independent but intricately related. Time-cost optimization may be defined as a process to identify suitable construction activities for speeding up, and fo...

The time-cost trade-off problem is a known bi-objective problem in the field of project management. Recently, a new parameter, the quality of the project has been added to previously considered time and cost parameters. The main specification of the time-cost trade-off problem is discretization of the decision space to limited and accountable decision variables. In this situation the efficiency...

background: to extract utility values of diabetic retinopathy on a perfect health and perfect vision scales for iranians with both types diabetes. methods: in this investigation, 150 untreated patients with diabetic retinopathy consecutively were examined and interviewed in farabi eye hospital, tehran, iran, a tertiary referral center in the iranian health care system. utility values based on p...

We analyse the trade-off between the speed with which a gene can propagate information, the noise of its output and its metabolic cost. Our main finding is that for any given level of metabolic cost there is an optimal trade-off between noise and processing speed. Any system with a non-vanishing leak expression rate is suboptimal, i.e. it will exhibit higher noise and/or slower speed than leak-...

In real projects, the trade-off between the project cost and the project completion time, and the environmental uncertainty are aspects of considerable importance for managers. For complex environment with more than one type of uncertainty, this paper presents three types of time–cost trade-off models, in which the project environment is described via introducing the fuzzy random theory. The ex...