Self-pierce riveting (SPR) is a complex joining process where multiple layers of material are joined by creating mechanical interlock via the simultaneous deformation inserted rivet and surrounding material. Due to large number variables which influence resulting joint, finding optimum parameters has traditionally posed challenge in design process. Furthermore, there gap knowledge regarding how...

The proposed article mainly comprises of ideas and motivations that led to the generalization usual or crisp sets. Moving forward we intend look into how definitions were modified suit meaning existing establish link between them, is say we, after giving formal aforementioned sets norms on these new would draw parallel them norm. We will then study some riveting algebraic properties same.

Automobile manufacturers have recently focused their research on the concurrent improvement of fuel efficiency and stability. To implement lightweight body structures, joining dissimilar materials, such as advanced high-strength steel (AHSS) carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP), is most important, whereas fusion welding, which conventional welding process, inapplicable owing to difference in ...

Self-piercing riveting (SPR) is a high-speed mechanical fastening technique which is suitable for point-joining advanced lightweight sheet materials that are dissimilar, coated, and hard to weld. Major advances have been made in recent years in SPR technique. Latest literature relating to finite element analysis (FEA) of SPR joints is reviewed in this paper. The recent development in FEA of SPR...