Viviparity is a remarkable feature in squamate sauropsids and it has evolved multiple times in parallel with the formation of a placenta. One example of this repeated evolution of viviparity and placentation occurs in the species-rich South American genus Liolaemus with at least six independent origins of viviparity. However, evolutionary studies of placentation in this genus are limited by a l...

Wild edible mushrooms produce a variety of bioactive compounds that are known to have antioxidant properties. Natural antioxidants can protect against oxidative induced free radicals without any side effects. Thus, they consumed by people for food and nutraceutical values. The purpose this study was evaluate the phytochemicals activity three wild termite (Termitomyces albuminosus, T. eurhizus r...

A new clitocyboid genus of Agaricales, Cleistocybe, is described to accommodate the isolated evolutionary position of the new species Cleistocybe vernalis inferred by a previously published multigene phylogenetic study. Cleistocybe is distinguished from other clitocyboid lineages by a combination of morphological characters, including lamellae that become gray in age, an interwoven hymenophoral...

Six new species of the doryctinae wasp genus Hecabolus Curtis 1834 (Braconidae) are described from Brazil and Venezuela: H. assis sp. nov., H. julianoi sp. nov., H. robustus sp. nov., H. seniaridus sp. nov., H. shimborii sp. nov., and H. sulmatogrossensis sp. nov. A key to the nine described species of Hecabolus is provided.

Madagascar's subfossil record preserves a diverse community of animals including elephant birds, pygmy hippopotamus, giant lemurs, turtles, crocodiles, bats, rodents, and carnivorans. These fossil accumulations give us a window into the island's past from 80,000 years ago to a mere few hundred years ago, recording the extinction of some groups and the persistence of others. The crocodylian subf...