[1] Experimental data for alteration of synthetic Martian basalts at pH = 0–1 indicate that chemical fractionations at low pH are vastly different from those observed during terrestrial weathering. Rock surface analyses from Gusev crater are well described by the relationships apparent from low-pH experimental alteration data. A model for rock surface alteration is developed, which indicates th...

In terms of target detection and classification, scattering from exposed rock on the seafloor, (i.e., individual rocks and rock outcrops) presents some of the most difficult challenges for modern MCM and ASW sonar systems in shallow water. Work on characterizing, modeling and simulating mean levels and other statistical measures of acoustic scattering from rocks and rock outcrops is therefore c...

This study used the efficiency of electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) and borehole logs to map soil-rock interface beneath four traverses (RS1, RS2, RS3, RS4) in granitic terrain Perak, Peninsular Malaysia. The aimed evaluate impacts characteristic features interfaces on groundwater infrastructure development meet needs increasing inhabitants yearly. borehole- ERT-derived lithologic units a...

Since rock fracture is a key property for different rock engineering applications, rock fracture measurement is often carried out in classifying the rock mass. Most geo-mechanics models (e.g. finite element) are of the equivalent continuum type in which fractures are represented not individually, but by their influence on a large element of the rock mass. Elastic modulus, for example, is obtain...

Most empirical and numerical approaches to design in rock mechanics incorporate rock mass classification. Numerical design methods generally use classification values to calculate input parameters for stress-based failure criteria. Empirical methods use classification to allow comparisons between similar rock mass conditions, generally based on a graphical design technique that differentiates s...

To improve capture efficacy of rock doves (Columba livia) in nuisance situations, we reevaluated the effectiveness of three dosages (60, 120 and 180 mg/kg) of alpha-chloralose (AC). Responses to immobilization using 180 mg/kg AC also were compared in rock doves deprived of food for 16 hr and not food deprived. Mean (+/- SE) time to first effects (33 +/- 2 min) and mean time to capture (94 +/- 5...

In this study, dynamic bearing capacity of adjacent shallow strip foundations located on sandy soil was examined using a numerical finite difference modeling, FLAC. The behavioral interference of shallow strip foundations under different conditions was investigated. The effect of soil strength parameters, geometric characteristics of shallow foundations and cyclic loads at different distance ra...

the first step in mining activities is rock excavation in both mine development and production. constant pressure for cost reduction and creating an improved/safe work environment for personnel has naturally resulted in increased use of mechanical excavation systems in many mining operations. also, mechanical excavation and mining is more compatible with automation, meaning possibility of reduc...

This paper describes an approach for utilizing in-situ measurements of shear wave velocity Vs to carry out preliminary and check design calculations shallow deep foundations. For estimates foundation movements, can be used directly estimate the small-strain stiffness soil or rock strata, while ultimate capacity calculations, use is made empirical correlations between penetration resistance meas...

Despite evidence that weathering plays a role in forming intertidal, estuarine, and fluvial rock platforms, many publications uncritically refer to “wave-cut” or “stream-cut” rock platforms. The alternative explanations of chemical weathering and physical water erosion of rock platforms have been debated since 1839. Our new approach to this long-standing problem introduces data from fluvial as ...