By the time it had reached its zenith during the second-century of the Common Era, the Roman Empire had developed into one of the greatest civilizations the ancient world had ever known. Cities scattered across an imperial region that stretched from the North Sea to the Red Sea had flourished under a well-ordered governing body housed in Rome. These regional centers stood unfortified in the cou...

My previous essay in this series' drew attention to three main areas of inquiry concerning church governance in the first-century church in Rome: (1) an ancient Roman political governance pattern which may have furnished a background for the type of ecclesiastical governance used in that first-century Christian community, (2) pertinent contemporary Christian documents, and (3) ancient non-conte...

This report describes the state of the research and practice in the areas of metadata management systems. Open source and industrial products are presented and compared. Thereout we identified functional and non-functional requirements relevant for the TEAM project. Project co-funded by the European Commission under the “Information Society Technology” Programme, Framework Programme 6. D5: Repo...

136 glasses from the ninth-century monastery of San Vincenzo and its workshops have been analysed by electron microprobe in order to situate the assemblage within the first millennium CE glass making tradition. The majority of the glass compositions can be paralleled by Roman glass from the first to third centuries, with very few samples consistent with later compositional groups. Colours for t...

For a graph property P and a graph G, a subset S of the vertices of G is a P-set if the subgraph induced by S has the property P. A P-Roman dominating function on a graph G is a labeling f : V (G) → {0, 1, 2} such that every vertex with label 0 has a neighbor with label 2 and the set of all vertices with label 1 or 2 is a P-set. The P-Roman domination number γPR(G) of G is the minimum of Σv∈V (...

The Romans were perhaps the most impressive exponents of water resource management in preindustrial times with irrigation and virtual water trade facilitating unprecedented urbanization and socioeconomic stability for hundreds of years in a region of highly variable climate. To understand Roman water resource management in response to urbanization and climate variability, a Virtual Water Networ...

A geometrical analysis of the meander decorative patterns on a Roman pavement mosaic found at the Roman villa in Chedworth, England, is presented. The analysis reveals that the intricate swastika meander pattern consisting of four closed curves could have been easily constructed using a very simple hypothesized algorithm. The algorithm also explains the design of Roman swastika meanders found t...

Roman seals associated with collyria (Latin expression for eye drops/washes and lotions for eye maintenance) provide valuable information about eye care in the antiquity. These small, usually stone-made pieces bore engravings with the names of eye doctors and also the collyria used to treat an eye disease. The collyria seals have been found all over the Roman empire and Celtic territories in pa...

background trauma is an inescapable part of sports competitions. it occurs more frequently in contact sports such as wrestling. objectives the purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of injury in greco-roman style wrestling competitions at national level. patients and methods this descriptive epidemiological research included 50 greco-roman style wrestlers who participated in natio...