The objective of this paper is to show that the visualization of an urban landscape by 3D computer graphics can be used as indicators of human habitats on a worldwide basis when we think of a sustainable world in future. In the 1900s, in Japan, 2D digital urban maps became popular as commercial products such as automobile navigation map with GPS. They adopted the traditional map making techniqu...

SUMMARY This paper presents a method for building roof contours extraction from high-resolution aerial imagery taken over complex urban scenes. The proposed method is based on the optimization of a snakes energy function that represents building roof contours in the image-space digital reference system by using the dynamic programming technique. Formally, snakes (or active contour models) are p...

The photovoltaic (PV) panel makes it possible for everyone to produce electricity in their own house. However, the is quite a costly investment and requires much consideration maximize its potential. roof has variables that would impact generation. of housing Indonesia was built generally complex shape, combination gable hip roofs. This research conducted break down factors affecting PV product...

This paper is addressed to an approach for segmenting airborne laser scanning point cloud. It aims to detect and cluster point cloud of an input roof into several segments that are corresponding to plane patches of the roof. The algorithm is developed based on the assumption that every non-flat roof can be decomposed into a set of gabled and/or hipped roof. The process detects roof ridges at fi...

This paper presents a new approach for roof facet segmentation based on ridge detection and hierarchical decomposition along ridges. The proposed approach exploits the fact that every roof can be composed of a set of gabled roofs and single facets which are separated by the gabled roofs. In this work, firstly, building footprints stored in OpenStreetMap are used to extract 3D points on roofs. T...

In contemporary architectural design new and experimental forms are constantly searched for and in the interaction between structural and architectural design a readable structural function adding to the architectural experience can be of interest. Cross-laminated timber plate elements show a high stiffness to weight ratio, and provide a wide range of possible structural applications. They have...

The green roof technology provides environmental benefits by protecting the base roof membrane of buildings against solar radiation and temperature fluctuations and by helping to reduce building’s energy consumption by direct shading. Although several investigations have been performed to explore the energy performance of vegetated roofs as natural cooling devices, there is a lack of data conce...

This paper presents a novel approach to building roof modeling, including roof plane segmentation and roof model reconstruction, from airborne laser scanning data. Segmentation is performed by minimizing an energy function formulated as multiphase level set. The energy function is minimized when each segment corresponds to one or several roof plans of the same normal vector. With this formulati...

Cold-formed steel roof truss systems that use complex stiffener patterns in existing hat shape members for both top and bottom chord elements are a growing trend in the North American steel framing industry. When designing cold-formed steel sections, a structural engineer typically tries to improve the local buckling behavior of the cold-formed steel elements. The complex hat shape has proved t...

abstract this paper by reviewing the main examples of small to medium-scale retractable roof structures covering building courtyards is to present an innovative rigid retractable roof system employing spatial frames for a courtyard of an existing building in tabriz islamic art university. the courtyard is currently used for temporary exhibitions and gatherings whenever permitted by environmenta...