2.1 The Nature of Surfaces 2.2 Analysis of Surface Roughness Average Roughness Parameters • Statistical Analyses • Fractal Characterization • Practical Considerations in Measurement of Roughness Parameters 2.3 Measurement of Surface Roughness Mechanical Stylus Method • Optical Methods • Scanning Probe Microscopy (SPM) Methods • Fluid Methods • Electrical Method • Electron Microscopy Methods • A...

The rapid growth of applications of lab-on-chip and bio-MEMES (Micro-electromechanical systems), arranging from cell culture and drug delivery to the microscale energy harvesting, microelectronics cooling, requires an understanding of microfluidic flow. Surface roughness, even at micro and nano scale, both deterministic and random, is considered an important parameter to affect fluid flow at th...

This experiment explored the relationship between neural firing patterns in second somatosensory cortex (SII) and decisions about roughness of tactile gratings. Neural and behavioral data were acquired while monkeys made dichotomous roughness classifications of pairs of gratings that differed in groove width (1.07 vs. 1.90 and 1.42 vs. 2.53 mm). A computer-controlled device delivered the gratin...

Perceptual sensitivity to tactile roughness varies across individuals for the same degree of roughness. A number of neurophysiological studies have investigated the neural substrates of tactile roughness perception, but the neural processing underlying the strong individual differences in perceptual roughness sensitivity remains unknown. In this study, we explored the human brain activation pat...

Surface roughness measurement is widely used to estimate the quality of the product during manufacturing processes. It has a great importance in manufacturing fields such as ceramic tiles, glass, and iron. Many are using surface profile-meter with a contact stylus to measure the surface roughness of work piece. In the stylus method, a stylus is moved along the surface and the vertical movement ...

One of the challenges in the printing industry is the presence of extra lines in printing design. This problem is due to the improper surface roughness of carved cylinders. This research endeavors to specify and optimize the effective parameters on the surface roughness of chrome coated printing cylinders in the finishing process that is done using a finish star machine. Investigated parameters...

  Objective: Increased enamel surface roughness following orthodontic bracket debonding leads to increased plaque accumulation and enamel decalcification. Therefore, different methods are employed to achieve smoother enamel surfaces after bracket debonding. This study compared enamel surface roughness following orthodontic bracket debonding and composite resin removal using white stone and tung...

Selectively plasma-etched polystyrene-block-poly(methyl methacrylate) (PS-b-PMMA) diblock copolymer masks present a promising alternative for subsequent nanoscale patterning of underlying films. Because mask roughness can be detrimental to pattern transfer, this study examines roughness formation, with a focus on the role of cross-linking, during plasma etching of PS and PMMA. Variables include...

The effect of roughness ranging from smooth to 24% relative roughness on laminar flow has been examined in previous works by the authors. It was shown that using a constricted parameter, εFP, the laminar results were predicted well in the roughened channels ([1],[2],[3]). For the turbulent regime, Kandlikar et al. [1] proposed a modified Moody diagram by using the same set of constricted parame...