Surface roughness (texture) has an effect on fluid flow in networks which has been studied for well over a century. The exact effect roughness has on fluid flow has not been completely understood, but a working estimate has been offered by a variety of authors over time. The work of Colebrook, Nikuradse, and Moody has provided practitioners with a method to include at least a first order estima...

surfaces may have the same roughness index but one surface may have the roughness on average spaced farThe measurement of the roughness of soil surfaces on centimeter ther apart on the surface. A more complete characterizascales is important to modeling local soil erodibility. An acoustic backscatter technique was examined for its ability to quantify the tion would describe not only vertical sc...

In this paper we present an investigation into visually perceived surface roughness. First we present psychophysical evidence that suggests that there is a simple relationship between perceived roughness and two well known surface parameters: fractal dimension and rms roughness. And that neither are good estimators, on there own, of perceived roughness. Second we present a measurement model for...

background: an increase in surface roughness of ceramics may decrease strength and affect the clinical success of ceramic restorations. however, little is known about the effect of acidic agents on ceramic restorations. the aim of this study was to evaluate the surface roughness of dental ceramics after being immersed in acidic agents.     methods: eighty-three ceramic disk specimens (12.0 mm i...

A fuzzy-nets based in-process adaptive surface roughness control (FNASRC) system was developed in this research. The FNASRC system was able to adapt cutting parameters in-process and in a real time fashion to improve the surface roughness of machined parts when the surface roughness quality was not meeting customer requirements in the end milling operations. The FNASRC system was comprised of t...

One of the most important resources available in the field of fluid mechanics, the Moody Chart gives Darcy friction factor as a function of Reynolds number and relative roughness. The experimentalists who generated the data correlated in the Moody Chart, however, roughened pipe surfaces by coating their internal surfaces with a monolayer of sand, the pipe wall roughness being defined as the ave...

Surfaces of metal sheets initially contain high frequency, low amplitude roughness components imparted during the rolling process. When plastic deformation is imposed, the amplitude of these free surface components increases, producing various kinds of morphological features including randomness, periodicity and waviness. The features often control key functional aspects of a metal surface, suc...

Numerical analysis for mixed lubrication has been performed in order to investigate the characteristics of sliding surface vane a rotary compressor. The modified Reynolds equation and elastic contact equation, considering roughness, are solved as coupled problem. Using this analysis, investigated by parameter survey on design parameters such vane-slot length clearance between vaneslot. It is fo...

Deliberate modification of bottom roughness, including smoothing to eliminate centimetre scale natural roughness and raking to induce quasiperiodic roughness, was investigated using diver observations, quantification of bottom roughness from stereo photography, and measurement of acoustic backscattering strength. At 40 kHz, raking perpendicular to the acoustic line-of-sight with a tine spacing ...