OBJECTIVE To test the hypothesis that rural populations had lower uptake of screening mammography than urban populations in the Scottish and Australian setting. METHOD Scottish data are based upon information from the Scottish Breast Screening Programme Information System describing uptake among women residing within the NHS Highland Health Board area who were invited to attend for screening ...

The study aim was to examine the association between Parkinson's disease (PD) and exposure to environmental factors such as living in a rural area, well water use, farming, exposure to farm animals, or living on a farm, and pesticides. A series of metaanalyses of peer-reviewed studies were performed, using 16 studies for living in rural area, 18 studies for well water drinking, 11 studies for f...

INTRODUCTION The prevalence of obesity is greater among adults living in rural compared to urban areas of the USA. Greater obesity risk among rural adults persists after adjusting for obesity-related behaviors and sociodemographic factors. With the rural-urban obesity disparity greatest among younger adults, it is important to examine the complexity of factors that may increase the risk for exc...

OBJECTIVE To assess the impact of gender and living area on cardiovascular risk factors in the context of a comprehensive lifestyle intervention program. DESIGN Data from independent sample surveys before (2000--2001) and after (2007) a community trial, entitled the Isfahan Healthy Heart Program (IHHP) were used to compare differences in the intervention area (IA) and reference area (RA) by g...

Ophthalmomyiasis externa, results from infestation of the conjunctiva by the larval form of Oestrus ovis. It is usually seen in rural areas. We report a case with ophthalmomyiasis externa in a young man living in an urban area (Istanbul, Turkey) who had no known history of traveling to the rural area. Even in patients living in urban areas ophthalmomyiasis externa should be taken into considera...

With Chinese economic rapidly development, urban and rural difference are also increasing, no matter in living standards, living conditions or spiritual life pursuit, cultural quality, all have obvious differences. It also causes urban and rural sports to have bigger differences in development process. The paper researches on Chinese urban and rural sports development basic status, makes concre...

OBJECTIVE Latinos and rural residents are less active and have a greater prevalence of overweight/obesity compared with their non-Latino white and urban counterparts. The objective of this study was to assess the active living environment in four rural, predominantly Latino communities. METHODS Assessments were taken using the Rural Active Living Assessment (RALA) in four rural predominantly ...

comparative study of food consumption patterns in urban and rural elderly population in urmia     amirzadeh j [1] , amirzadeh n [2] , rasoli j [3] *     received: 10 sep, 2011 accepted: 22 nov, 2011     abstract   background & aims : as elderly population is growing fast, it is vital to pay more attention to elevating elderly health care. since aging is accompanied by specific diseases, nutriti...

BACKGROUND Many Chinese elderly increasingly face the serious problem of the "empty nest" phenomenon. The elderly living independently, also called empty-nest elderly, refers to elderly people living alone whose children left home. However few studies concerned about the subjective well-being (SWB) of the elderly living independently. METHODS This study employs The Memorial University of Newf...