Introduction The role of education in local, state and national economic development has become a central public policy issue in recent years. Rural localities, in particular, which typically have lower education levels among the adult population than urban areas, view increased educational investments as an important component of an economic development strategy. At the same time, rural commun...

generally, studied villages as regard to the socioeconomic structure have not considerable development in comparison with their around structure due to functional area.  nowadays, regarding rural development, proceeding with economical analysis of geographical areas has a great position. considering the applied investigations, upon increasing the knowledge and literacy and scientific and practi...

BACKGROUND Urban living affects children's nutrition and growth, which are determinants of their survival, cognitive development, and lifelong health. Little is known about urban-rural differences in children's height and weight, and how these differences have changed over time. We aimed to investigate trends in children's height and weight in rural and urban settings in low-income and middle-i...

INTRODUCTION There is a tendency in health policy in Ontario, Canada, to conflate 'northern' with 'rural' and to equate northern rural settings with southern ones. Although previous research has identified some differences between rural and urban practitioners, these studies have not acknowledged the subtle nuances that make rural practice different in the north than in the south. This study lo...

AIMS The palliative care has spread rapidly worldwide in the recent two decades. The development of hospice services in rural areas usually lags behind that in urban areas. The aim of our study was to investigate whether the urban-rural disparity widens in a country with a hospital-based hospice system. METHODS From the nationwide claims database within the National Health Insurance in Taiwan...

extended abstract 1. introduction the bond between urban and rural areas, the result of their mutual needs in a spatial system, is the basis of urban-rural continuity. one of such bonds is the transfer of agricultural goods from villages to urban market. the structure of production and the flow of agricultural products to urban market could be affected by factors such as access to natural resou...

Urban sprawl has been at the center of current debate on urban structure. Compared to the rich literature on urban sprawl in Western cities, relatively little is known about whether Chinese urban expansion is excessive or inefficient. This paper provides an integrated analysis of two seemingly contradictory phenomena in China’s urban development in recent two decades, namely development zones a...

Urbanization in China has in part been subject to centrally planned control and in part has resulted from the pressures of industrialization and economic development. One of the major, if neglected, influences has been the social policies controlling internal migration and influencing urban-rural inequalities in income and social welfare. Urbanization poses continuing and growing challenges for...

Background: Complementary foods are given to infants when breast milk alone becomes insufficient in meeting their nutritional needs. The major objective of this study was to assess the prevalence of Aflatoxins (AFs) in Weanimix complementary foods purchased from shops in Accra (Ghana), and to estimate risk of liver cancer development in infants.  Methods: In total, 32 samples of Weanimix were ...