We present a general framework for representing belief-revision rules and use it to characterize Bayes’s rule as a classical example and Je¤rey’s rule as a non-classical one. In Je¤rey’s rule, the input to a belief revision is not simply the information that some event has occurred, as in Bayes’s rule, but a new assignment of probabilities to some events. Despite their di¤erences, Bayes’s and J...

Abstract The judgment of the European Court Justice 18 May 2021 obliges Romania to review judicial reform 2017 – 2019. Otherwise Commission may activate safeguard mechanisms provided by Arts. 37 and 38 Treaty Accession Union. jurisprudence in all preliminary rulings relating this Romanian will have effects be an essential benchmark regarding established for Member States rule law - namely, Rule...

Abstract—In this paper we classify all extremal and s-extremal binary self-dual codes of length 38. There are exactly 2744 extremal [38, 19, 8] self-dual codes, two s-extremal [38, 19, 6] codes, and 1730 s-extremal [38, 19, 8] codes. We obtain our results from the use of a recursive algorithm used in the recent classification of all extremal self-dual codes of length 36, and from a generalizati...

Logic Rule 0 No unstated assumptions may be used in a proof. Logic Rule 1 Allowable justifications. 1. “By hypothesis . . . ”. 2. “By axiom . . . ”. 3. “By theorem . . . ” (previously proved). 4. “By definition . . . ”. 5. “By step . . . ” (a previous step in the argument). 6. “By rule . . . ” of logic. Logic Rule 2 Proof by contradiction (RAA argument). Logic Rule 3 The tautology ∼ (∼ S)⇐⇒ S L...

Logic Rule 0 No unstated assumptions may be used in a proof. Logic Rule 1 Allowable justifications. 1. “By hypothesis . . . ”. 2. “By axiom . . . ”. 3. “By theorem . . . ” (previously proved). 4. “By definition . . . ”. 5. “By step . . . ” (a previous step in the argument). 6. “By rule . . . ” of logic. Logic Rule 2 Proof by contradiction (RAA argument). Logic Rule 3 The tautology ∼ (∼ S)⇐⇒ S L...

Key applications of quantum computing, including error correction, rely critically on the capability to measure (read out) state selected bits, without disturbing other qubits or terminating computation. Such $m\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}i\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}d\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}c\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}i\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}r\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}c\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}u\phantom{\rule{0}{...

We investigate quantum transport through the Kondo impurity assuming both a large number of orbital channels $\mathcal{K}\ensuremath{\gg}1$ for itinerant electrons and semiclassical spin $\mathcal{S}\phantom{\rule{4pt}{0ex}}\ensuremath{\gg}\phantom{\rule{4pt}{0ex}}1$ impurity. The non-Fermi-liquid regime problem is achieved in overscreened sector $\mathcal{K}>2\mathcal{S}$. show that there e...