Down syndrome (DS) is the most common chromosomal abnormality and is associated with an extra copy of the chromosome 21. Although several markers are commonly used during pregnancy for the screening of DS, the definitive diagnosis is based on karyotype after amniocentesis, which is an expensive and laborious analysis. S100B is an astrocyte protein which had its gene mapped to the long arm of ch...

BACKGROUND S100B, a 20-kDa, Ca2+-binding dimer, is a putative intrinsic negative regulator of myocardial hypertrophy expressed after myocardial infarction. S100B-overexpressing transgenic (TG) and S100B-knockout (KO) mice have been generated to assess the consequences of S100B expression and altered hypertrophy after infarction. METHODS AND RESULTS We compared 21 wild-type (WT), 20 TG, and 24...

S100B promotes development and maturation in the mammalian brain. However, prolonged or extensive exposure can lead to neurodegeneration. Two important functions of S100B in this regard, are its role in the development and plasticity of the serotonergic neurotransmitter system, and its role in the cascade of glial changes associated with neuroinflammation. Both of these processes are therefore ...

OBJECTIVE Elevation of S100B has been shown after various neurologic diseases with cognitive dysfunction. The aim of this study was to compare the serum level of S100B of patients with and without delirium and investigate the possible associations with different subtypes of delirium. METHODS Acutely admitted medical patients aged 65 years or more were included from 2005 through 2008. Delirium...

S100B is a dimeric EF-hand protein that undergoes a calcium-induced conformational change and exposes a hydrophobic protein-binding surface. Recently S100B was identified as a binding partner of the dopamine D2 receptor in a bacterial two-hybrid screen involving the third intracellular loop (IC3). The low in vivo calcium concentration in bacteria (100-300 nM) suggests this interaction may occur...

BACKGROUND Schizophrenia can be conceptualized as a form of dysconnectivity between brain regions.To investigate the neurobiological foundation of dysconnectivity, one approach is to analyze white matter structures, such as the pathology of fiber tracks. S100B is considered a marker protein for glial cells, in particular oligodendrocytes and astroglia, that passes the blood brain barrier and is...

S100B is a protein with dose-dependent neurotrophic and neurotoxic effects. Whether S100B in psychotic disorder mirrors pathophysiological mechanisms (which elicit exacerbation of disease) or compensatory action is unclear, as is its validity as a proxy marker for brain status. Insight may be gained by examining associations between serum S100B and indices of grey (cortical thickness (CT)) and ...

OBJECTIVE To assess the accuracy of S100B serum level to detect intracranial injury in children with mild traumatic brain injury. METHODS A multicenter prospective cohort study was carried out in the paediatric emergency departments of three tertiary hospitals in Switzerland between January 2009 and December 2011. Participants included children aged <16 years with a mild traumatic brain injur...

BACKGROUND Elevated levels of serum S100B after coronary artery bypass grafting may arise from extracerebral contamination. Serum S100B content was analyzed in several tissues, and the two dimers S100A1-B and S100BB were analyzed separately in blood. METHODS Serum, shed blood, marrow, fat, and muscle were studied in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting with cardiopulmonary bypa...

Previous studies suggest that levels of the astrocyte-derived S100B protein, such as those occurring in brain extra-cellular spaces consequent to persistent astroglial activation, may have a pathogenetic role in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Although S100B was reported to promote beta amyloid precursor protein overexpression, no clear mechanistic relationship between S100B and formation of neurofib...