There remain few nationally representative studies of drinking water quality at the point of consumption in developing countries. This study aimed to examine factors associated with E. coli contamination in Ghana. It drew on a nationally representative household survey, the 2012-2013 Living Standards Survey 6, which incorporated a novel water quality module. E. coli contamination in 3096 point-...

In many areas of the world, only 30 to 50% of dogs are vaccinated against rabies. On some US Indian Reservations, vaccination rates may be as low as 5 to 20%. In 2003 and 2004, we evaluated the effectiveness of commercially available baits to deliver oral rabies vaccine to feral and free-ranging dogs on the Navajo and Hopi Nations. Dogs were offered one of the following baits containing a plast...

This Study Assessed Microbial And Elemental Constituents Of Sachet Drinking Water In Nnewi Metropolis. 100 Questionnaires Were Administered To Get Responses Individuals Who Frequently Drink Cross-Sectional Was Conducted Using 10 Samples Collected From Nnewi. Each Sample Subjected Physicochemical Examinations Microbiological Examination. Data Analyzed Descriptive ANOVA. 29% Respondents Reported ...

Decrease in the supply of portable drinking water across most settlements Nigeria and continuous increases demand for gave birth to sachet otherwise called ‘Pure Water”. The study into this industry is imperative, as it provides many households addition employing youths, thereby decreasing unemployment enhancing economic growth. However, has been observed that factories within collapse barely f...

Methylene blue is the most extensively used chemical indicator of anaerobiosis. Its use as such an indicator was reported early in the literature (Smith, Wilder Quarter Century Book, p. 187, 1893). Techniques such as hanging strips of methylene blue-impregnated gauze inside an anaerobic jar were described by van Reimsdijk (Ned. Tijdschr. Geneesk. 66:1423, 1922). Present-day microbiologists ofte...

Two types of mosquito trap were tested near Smith Lake in Portland, Multnomah County, OR: 2 Biogents Sentinel (BGS) traps baited with carbon dioxide (CO2) and an octenol sachet or a BG Lure, and an encephalitis virus surveillance (EVS) trap with CO2 but without an odor sachet. After 6 trap-nights, the 2 BGS traps caught significantly more mosquitoes than the EVS trap. More Culex tarsalis and an...