Reinforcement learning is a proven technique for an agent to learn a task. However, when learning a task using reinforcement learning, the agent cannot distinguish the characteristics of the environment from those of the task. This makes it harder to transfer skills between tasks in the same environment. Furthermore, this does not reduce risk when training for a new task. In this paper, we intr...

The volume of data available to astronomers via the Internet is doubling every twelve months or so. This is due both to the increase in the number of data sources (astronomy is an active field, while archives of old observations retain scientific value) and in the size of individual data sources (multi-TB datasets are the norm in the current generation of sky surveys). The new sky surveys are g...

The standard EN ISO10218 is fostering the implementation of hybrid production systems, i.e., production systems characterized by a close relationship among human operators and robots in cooperative tasks. Human‐robot hybrid systems could have a big economic benefit in small and medium sized production, even if this new paradigm introduces mandatory, challenging safety a...

BACKGROUND External fixation has been used extensively during recent wars as a damage control measure for fractures in coalition forces being evacuated. We hypothesize that external fixation is a safe and effective initial stabilization procedure for combat-related open fractures. METHODS Records on 55 consecutive type III tibia fractures between March 2003 and September 2007 were reviewed. W...

We describe the most recent evolution of our constrained and unconstrained testing environment and its accompanying SIF decoder. Code-named SIFDecode and CUTEst, these updated versions feature dynamic memory allocation, a modern thread-safe Fortran modular design, a new Matlab interface and a revised installation procedure integrated with GALAHAD. 1 Scientific Computing Department, Rutherford A...

In this paper we report on current experience and review magnetic resonance safety protocols and literature in order to define practices surrounding MRI-guided interventional and surgical procedures. Direct experience, the American College of Radiology White paper on MR Safety, and various other sources are summarized. Additional recommendations for interventional and surgical MRI-guided proced...

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In this article, I seek to find whether the type of government in a country affects the amount of education provided. To do this, I propose a model where political power is distributed throughout the population, and their choice to support a government is based on an observable factor; whether the government provides access to education. Using the results from this model, I propose 3 hypotheses...

Executive Summary Ensuring safety requires reducing the risk of incidents, faults and failures that can disrupt normal operations. This effort goes far beyond simply installing fail-safe controllers or a safety instrumented system. In fact, to mitigate the risk of serious incidents that can cause injury to personnel, equipment and the environment, it is important to consider safety from all asp...

A ctive learning is increasingly used as a teaching method in modern medical curricula. Therefore I have adopted case-based group discussions as an educational method for nephrology bedside teaching. In these sessions the students had first to review the patient’s history from the case record and summarise the important and vital points. This was followed by a group discussion focusing on the m...