A t e r t h e c o m i n g o f P r o p h e t Muhammad, the Arabian tribes, in a great burst of expansionist energy, swept over Western Asia and North Africa. They disrupted, but did not destroy the Eastern Roman Empire, which had survived the barbarian onslaughts that had wiped out the empire in the West. The Eastern Empire, particularly after the Arabian conquests, came to be known as Byzantine...

Abu Ja'far Ahmad b. Abi Khalid Ibn al-Jazzar, born in Qayrawan, the medieval capital of Tunisia, hailed from a family of physicians. ' His father IbrThim was a doctor, as was his paternal uncle Abu Bakr. He studied with the famous Jewish philosopher and physician Ishaq b. Sulayman al-Isra'ili (c. 243/855-343/955),2 who had been a student of Ishaq ibn 'Imran (d. 296/908),3 and who at the age of ...

iran, between third to fifth centuries ad, witnessed one of the urbanization boom periods in his history. in this period, iranian towns were capable of commodity exchange and  manufacturing  products. in this context, growth of knowledge and rationalism , moderation in politics, community participation, growth and development of the intellectual trends and movements caused rationality and reaso...

After years of painstaking research Dr. Giuseppe Scattolin has at last published his critical edition of Ibn al-Fa≠rid ̋'s D|wa≠n. While Ibn al-Fa≠rid ̋ lived during the Ayyubid period, his verse was a dominant influence on later Arabic poetry composed under the Mamluks. Moreover, his verse and mystical ideas were, at times, sources of contention among factions of ulama during Mamluk rule, while ...

This autobiography already makes for absolutely fascinating reading. Ibn Khaldūn lived an itinerant life serving as a magistrate for—in modern geographic terms— Spanish, Moroccan, Tunisian and Egyptian Islamic courts. In that function in Granada, Spain, he negotiated treaties with the Christian Spanish crown (with Pedro the Cruel, which does not sound too encouraging). The autobiography follows...

BACKGROUND Using a nude rat model of site-specific metastatic bone disease (MBD), we developed a semiquantitative histological score for rapid assessment of lytic lesions in bone. This provides additional information to conventional histological measurement by clarifying the extent and location of metastatic infiltration and the tumor growth pattern. The score can also be used to assess the act...

yüzyılda başlayan özellikle de XII. yüzyılın ilk çeyreğinde hızlanan Arapçadan İbraniceye tercüme süreci XVI. sonlarına kadar devam etmiştir. Bu süreçte Fârâbî, İbn Sînâ, Gazzâlî ve Rüşd gibi önde gelen Müslüman filozofların felsefe teolojiye dair eserleri doğrudan ya da aracı diller üzerinden edilmiştir. sürecinde Arapça bilen Yahudi düşünür mütercimler bir yandan farklı alanlardan seçtikleri ...

This study analyzes the conception of gharar , which is generally translated as either risk or uncertainty, in post-formative Islamic commercial law. According to Muslim jurists, gharar arises from uncertainty in commercial transactions. However, unlike other areas of the Islamic intellectual tradition in which uncertainty engenders errors, the uncertainty associated with gharar enables jurists...