BACKGROUND Cleaning and shaping of root canal system requires various irrigating solutions. The question is whether the presence of irrigation solution alters working length determination using apex locators. The purpose of this study was to compare the accuracy of Root ZX and i-Root apex locator for determining working length in the presence of different irrigating solution. MATERIALS AND ME...

Salinity stress-induced production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and associated oxidative damage is one of the major factors limiting crop production in saline soils. However, the causal link between ROS production and stress tolerance is not as straightforward as one may expect, as ROS may also play an important signaling role in plant adaptive responses. In this study, the causal relations...

introduction: the antimicrobial efficacy of root canal irrigant plays an important role in increasing the success of root canal treatment (rct). the aim of the present experimental study was to compare the antimicrobial activity of triphala (a plant-derived solution) with 0.5, 1, 2.5 and 5% concentrations of sodium hypochlorite (naocl), against enterococcus faecalis ( e. faecalis ). methods and...

In order to investigate the effects of salt stress on biochemical and physiological responses of two cultivars of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) namely, Diabolourde and Yazdi, chlorophyll content, growth parameters, and proline contents of roots and shoots, reducing sugars contents of roots and shoots, and membrane injuries of the plant samples were subjected to 0, 100, 150, and 200 mM NaCl treat...

Comparative effects of partial root-zone irrigation (PRI) and deficit irrigation (DI) on xylem pH, ABA, and ionic concentrations of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.) plants were investigated in two split-root pot experiments. Results showed that PRI plants had similar or significantly higher xylem pH, which was increased by 0.2 units relative to DI plants. Nitrate and total ionic concentratio...