fluoride is one of the most important elements in the composition of teeth and bones. this element can enter the body via different ways. however, drinking water is the most important way to receive fluoride by a lot of people. an increase in fluoride level in the body causes dental fluorosis and its absence leads to teeth decay. standard rate of fluoride in drinking water is determined by the ...

Background and aim Violence against women is considered as one of the social problems of all countries in the world. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of violence against married women referring to health centers, and determining its related factors in Sanandaj, Iran, in 2015. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted on 700 married women referred to health centers ...

specimens of the subfamily milesiinae (diptera: syrphidae) were collected using sweeping net from saqqez region, kordestan province located in the northwestern iran during 2012-2013. in total 25 species in 12 genera were identified. of which eumerus transcaspicus (stackelberg, 1952) is reported for first time from iran. diagnostic characters besides supplementary photos of the new record are pr...

Background: Screen time (ST), including watching television and playing electronic games are the leading cause of a growing obesity epidemic. This study aimed to evaluate ST and its association with physical activity, overweight and socioeconomic status (SES) in children 10 to 12 years of age in Sanandaj. Methods: This study was designed as a cross-sectional study, which was conducted in Sanand...

without any doubt, road safety (rs) needs a precise planning in road accident prevention. rs effects on different fields of the life. therefore, response to this need in order to promote the rs as well as to save more lives is the most asset in each country. in the recent years, statistics have been shown that the numbers of mortalities due to road crashes decreased. this shows the true motion ...