Title: Delays in starting antiretroviral therapy in patients with HIV-associated tuberculosis accessing non-integrated clinical services in a South African township Authors:

BACKGROUND Traffic and transport is a substantial part of a range of economic, social and environmental factors distinguished to have impact on human health. This paper is a report on a preliminary section of a Health Impact Assessment (HIA) on urban traffic and transport initiatives, being conducted in Sanandaj, Iran. In this preliminary study, the psychometric properties of Urban Traffic rela...

OBJECTIVES To explore the association of dietary behaviour factors on obesity among city, township and rural area adults. SETTING A stratified cluster sampling technique was employed in the present cross-sectional study. On the basis of socioeconomic characteristics, two cities, two townships and two residential villages were randomly selected where the investigation was conducted. PARTICIP...

BACKGROUND In 2004, the Ministry of Health issued the policy of decentralising microscopy services (MCs) to one third of all township hospitals in China. The study was conducted in Gansu Province, a poor western one in China. Ganzhou was one county in Gansu Province. Ganzhou County was identified as a unique case of further decentralisation of tuberculosis (TB) treatment services in township ho...

BACKGROUND Evidence from our recent study suggested that the overall trend for cancer incidence in children and adolescents has been increasing in Taiwan. METHODS To analyze geographic variations in this trend, cancer frequencies and incidence rates of disease groups were quantified according to geographic areas among 12,633 patients aged <20 years during 1995-2009 by using the population-bas...

PURPOSE To produce competent undergraduate-level medical doctors for rural township health centers (THCs), the Chinese government mandated that medical colleges in Central and Western China recruit rural-oriented, tuition-waived medical students (RTMSs) starting in 2010. This study aimed to identify and assess factors that influence the choice to work in rural township health centers among both...

BACKGROUND Breast cancer (BC) is the most common female malignant tumor. Previous studies have suggested a big incidence disparity among different cities in China. The present work selected a typical city, Hangzhou, to study BC incidence disparity within the city. METHODS Totally, 8784 female breast cancer cases were obtained from the Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention during ...

Bovine viral diarrhea disease is one of the viral diseases in cattle that were reported 10-90 percent in many countries. The causative RNA virus is a member of the family Flaviviridae and the genus pestivirus which is antigenically closely related with the virus of BD in sheep. Cattle are the most sensitive species to virus and are considered the principal reservoir of BVD viruses. A large prop...