The atmosphere of the Sun is characterized by a complex interplay of competing physical processes: convection, radiation, conduction, and magnetic fields. The most obvious imprint of the solar convection and its overshooting in the low atmosphere is the granulation pattern. Beside this dominating scale there is a more or less smooth distribution of spatial scales, both towards smaller and large...

The efficacy of diltiazem in the treatment of Raynaud's phenomenon was assessed in a prospective double-blind randomised cross-over trial in 16 patients (7 progressive systemic sclerosis, 2 rheumatoid arthritis, 1 systemic lupus erythematosus, and 6 idiopathic Raynaud's phenomenon). Each patient received diltiazem 120 mg and placebo three times a day for two weeks. The attack frequency of Rayna...

Alternative theoretical perspectives have been presented to explain internationally effective factors affecting immigration. For example, the orthodox explanation of migration is based on the concept of wage differentials as an important factor of international immigration. The world system approach declines to interpret theoretically international migration as a phenomenon between independent ...

We present here preliminary results from the recent multi-epoch HI absorption measurements toward several pulsars using the Arecibo telescope. We do not find significant variations in optical depth profiles over periods of 4 months and 9 years. The upper limits on the optical depth variations in directions of B0823+26 and B1133+16 are similar on scales of 10–20, 350 and 500 AU. The large number...

Vascular acrosyndromes constitute a common reason for physician visits. They are associated with connective tissue disease; for example, 90% of patients with scleroderma experience Raynaud's phenomenon. The rheumatologist must strive to establish the diagnosis, to identify a potential underlying cause, and to prescribe effective treatment when the symptoms are incapacitating. Raynaud's phenomen...

Raynauds phenomena (RP) is a commonly encountered clinical manifestation which may be primary or secondary to underlying disease. There is imbalance between vasoconstricting and vasodilating factors. Physical examination, nailfold capillaroscopy and immunological tests can differentiate primary from secondary RP. Treatment involves prevention of RP so that permanent ischemic damage i.e. gangren...

We analyse the dependence of stock return cross-correlations on the sampling frequency of the data known as the Epps effect: For high resolution data the cross-correlations are significantly smaller than their asymptotic value as observed on daily data. The former description implies that changing trading frequency should alter the characteristic time of the phenomenon. This is not true for the...

In this research, the effects of data measurement on source parameter estimation are studied. The concept of mutual information is applied to locate the optimal location for each sensor to improve the accuracy of the overall estimation process. For validation purposes, an advection diffusion simulation code, SCIPUFF (Second-order Closure Integrated PUFF) is used as a modeling testbed to study t...

[1] A new approach is presented for calculation of the volume of pumping-induced leakage entering an aquifer as a function of time. This approach simplifies the total leakage calculation by extending analytical-based methods developed for infinite systems to bounded aquifers of any size. The simplification is possible because of the relationship between drawdown and leakage in aquifers laterall...