BACKGROUND Lavender essential oil shows evidence of sedative properties in neurophysiological and animal studies but clinical trials of its effectiveness as a treatment of agitation in people with dementia have shown mixed results. Study methods have varied widely, however, making comparisons hazardous. To help remedy previous methodological shortcomings, we delivered high grade lavender oil in...

Male house mice advertise their territory ownership through urinary scent marks and use individual-specific patterns of major urinary proteins (MUPs) to discriminate between their own scent and that of other males. It is not clear whether recognition occurs through discrimination of the non-volatile proteins or protein-ligand complexes (direct model), or by the detection of volatile ligands tha...

BACKGROUND Primary dysmenorrhea is the most common complaint in adolescents and adult young women that disturbs their daily life performance. AIM The current study investigated the effect of lavender aromatherapy on pain severity in primary dysmenorrhea. SUBJECTS AND METHODS This triple-blind randomized clinical trial was conducted on 200 students of Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, ...

Recent studies showed that self-other integration, as indexed by the joint Simon effect (JSE), can be modulated by biasing participants towards particular (integrative vs. exclusive) cognitive-control states. Interestingly, there is evidence suggesting that such control states can be induced by particular odors: stimulating odors (e.g., peppermint aroma) seem to induce a more focused, exclusive...

Captive breeding is vital for primate conservation, with modern zoos serving a crucial role in populations of threatened species and educating the general public. However, captive can experience welfare issues that may also undermine their reproductive success. To enhance wellbeing endangered zoo primates, we conducted study to assess effects new scent enrichment program on red-ruffed lemurs (V...

Scent-marking is widespread among mammals and has been observed in many felid species. Although the behaviour is well-described, little is known about its function in wild felid populations. We investigated patterns of scent-marking and its role in intra- and intersexual communication among resident and non-resident Eurasian lynx Lynx lynx by observing interactions among wild lynx at natural ma...

Microbiota of beehive products are very little known. We report here for the first time six metagenomes of royal jelly, pollen, and different types of honey from wild and cultivated lavender, chestnut, and fir honeydew. Four metagenomes of epiphytic and endophytic microbiota of lavender and rose flowers are also reported.

introduction: test anxiety is a common phenomenon and the problematic concern of the educational system. scented essentials like lavender (angustifolia) oil and citrus aurantium (orange flower) oil have positive impact on people's physical and mental condition and anxiety. this study was designed to compare and evaluate the effects of lavender essential oil aroma and citrus aurantium essen...

A mechanism for territorial pattern formation in wolves is analysed using a spatially explicit mathematical model which incorporates wolf movement and scent marking. Model results reflect field observations: buffer zones where wolves are scarce arise between adjacent packs and near these buffer zones there are increased levels of scent marking. It is shown how the precise behavioral response of...

The captive environment can lack opportunities for the expression of a range of natural behaviours (Wemelsfelder, 1997) and can contribute to the establishment of stereotypic or undesirable behaviours. Appropriately enriched environments have been shown to have positive effect on both physiological (Newberry, 1995) and psychological (Roy et al, 2001) welfare and to enhance the range of behaviou...