the religious testaments and presentday statements on human personality. The schism is only partly due to the need for specialisation of knowledge, and even as late as the twelfth century Moses Maimonides, living in Spain and writing in Arabic, was physician, philosopher, mathematician, and biblical commentator. The ghettos in Central Europe, in contrast, were created in a culture which separat...

Religious marketplace research has focused on the relative success strict religious groups have had in maintaining their members. This paper looks at why this might be by focusing on individuals who leave these groups. Defectors from fundamentalist religious groups undergo an identity transformation process through which their understanding of the world and themselves is changed. This paper det...

One goal of qualitative physics is to capture the mental models of engineers and scientists . This paper shows how Qualitative Process theory can be used to express concepts of engineering thermodynamics . This encoding provides the means to integrate qualitative and quantitative knowledge for solving textbook thermodynamics problems . These ideas have been implemented in a program called SCHIS...

There is a schism within economics between the neoclassical and behavioral schools. A primary cause of the behavioral ascent is the experimental evidence of deviations between actual behavior and the neoclassical prediction of behavior. While behavioral scholars have documented these “anomalies,” they have made little progress explaining the origin of such behavior. This paper proposes a biolog...

This paper outlines an approach for writing biological economic articles. There is a schism within economics between neoclassical and behavioral schools. Biology holds the promise of modern synthesis these apparently competing theories. Natural selection favors maximization analogous to sort assumed by economics. Behavior, however, produced specific physiologic machinery that sometimes produces...

Abstract Introduction. The presented article describes the Old Believer movement in Simbirsk-Samara Volga region through periodical press of this region. chronological framework work covers middle 19th – beginning 20th century. material touches on one dramatic problems Russian history, church schism and emergence Believers movement. relevance lies growing interest society topic, especially amon...