Motivated by the central role of voluntary knowledge disclosure in ensuring cumulative progress, this paper evaluates the conditions supporting the disclosure of privately funded new knowledge through scientific publication, patenting, or both. We ground our analysis in the incentives facing researchers and their funders: scientists have incentives to disclose discoveries through scientific pub...

-Evidence is presented that microscopic tumours (of a transplantable murine mammary carcinoma, M8013X) grow faster than larger, palpable, tumours. Microscopic tumours are also more radiosensitive than larger tumours. The decrease in radiosensitivity in larger tumours is prevented to a large extent by misonidazole, which has no significant effect on the radiosensitivity of microscopic tumours. T...

As a student of anesthesia, I often find myself browsing the local medical bookstore for new and informative anesthesia texts; texts that are not only concise in the review of subject matter, but that also offer the advantage of being pleasurable to read. In December of 1995, while studying for my preparatory oral exams, I overheard a few ofmy colleagues discussing a new anesthesia text, a text...

People sometimes require very strong passwords for high-value accounts (e.g., master passwords for password managers and encryption keys), but often cannot create these strong passwords. Assigning them provably strong secrets is one solution, and prior work has shown that people can learn these assigned secrets through rote learning, though learning the secrets takes some time and they are quic...

Keeping secrets from parents is associated with depression and antisocial behavior. The current study tested whether keeping secrets from best friends is similarly linked to maladjustment, and whether associations between secrecy and maladjustment are moderated by the quality of the friendship. Adolescents (N = 181; 51% female, 48% white, non-Hispanic, 45% African American) reported their secre...

Secure two-party protocols are of significant research and application value. All-or-Nothing Disclosure of Secrets (ANDOS) is such a kind of cryptographic task. It involves two parties, a vendor and a buyer. The vendor, say Alice, who disposes of several secrets and is willing to sell any of them to the buyer, say Bob, with the guarantee that no information about the other secrets will be obtai...

a. Rationale for protection. The protection of confidential business information dates at least to Roman law, which afforded relief against a person who induced another's employee to divulge secrets relating to the master's commercial affairs. The modern law of trade secrets evolved in England in the early 19th century, apparently in response to the growing accumulation of technical know-how an...

Generalized secret sharing is a method of constructing secret sharing from the perspective of access structure. In this paper, we propose a novel solution for achieving generalized secret sharing with linear hierarchical secrets. We use a matrix to model the relationship related to the access structure and transfer the matrix to modular arithmetic, which is calculated by Chinese Remainder Theor...

The explosive power of people’s secrets and lies will once again take center stage in season two of ABC’s hit drama, “Secrets and Lies.” No matter who you are, everyone has secrets and everybody tells lies. What will people do to keep their most intimate, devastating indiscretions from ruining their lives? The unflappable and formidable Detective Andrea Cornell (Juliette Lewis) is back. She is ...

We consider the following game introduced by Chung, Graham, and Leighton in [Chung et al. 01]. One player, A, picks k > 1 secrets from a universe of N possible secrets, and another player, B, tries to gain as much information about this set as possible by asking binary questions f : [N ] −→ {0, 1}. Upon receiving a question f , A adversarially chooses one of her k secrets, and answers f accordi...