The widespread use of H and 14C in research has generated a large volume of waste mixed with scintillation liquid, requiring an effective control and appropriate storage of liquid radioactive waste. In the present study, we compared the efficacy of three commercially available scintillation liquids, Optiphase HiSafe 3, Ultima-Gold AB (biodegradable) and Insta-Gel-XF (non-biodegradable), in term...

We develop the theory of interstellar scintillation as caused by an irregular plasma having a power-law spatial density spectrum with a spectral exponent of β = 4 corresponding to a medium with abrupt changes in its density. An “outer scale” is included in the model representing the typical scale over which the density of the medium remains uniform. Such a spectrum could be used to model plasma...

The stationary phase point (SPP) method in one-dimensional case is introduced to treat the diffractive scintillation. From weak scattering, where the SPP number N=1, to strong scattering (N≫1), via transitional scattering regime (N∼2,3), we find that the modulation index of intensity experiences the monotonically increasing from 0 to 1 with the scattering strength, characterized by the ratio of...

Point-like nature of stars leads to significant disturbances of light beams passed through the atmosphere by refractive effects. These effects should be taken into account in retrievals from stellar occultation measurements. We consider the influence of scintillation on stellar occultation measurements and on quality of ozone retrievals from these measurements, based on experience of the GOMOS ...

The study of ionospheric scintillation belongs to the class of problems dealing with wave diffraction and propagation through a random medium, and its complete theoretical solution is presently not available. Approximate solutions or models, such as the 'thin phase diffraction screen model' and the 'Rytov solution for weak scintillation', have been proposed and do apply under restrictive condit...

In this paper, we have obtained a model for the prediction of long-term scintillation fade depth, scintillation enhancement, and cumulative distribution of its intensity, in the 40/50 GHz band. Based on the frequency dependence analysis for the experimental results of the scintillation collected at Spino d’Adda, Italy, a model for scintillation variance is presented and then, according to the m...

Irregularities in the Earth's ionosphere can make the amplitude and phase of radio signals fluctuate rapidly, which is known as ionospheric scintillation. Severe ionospheric scintillation could affect the performance of the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS). Currently, the Multiple Phase Screen (MPS) technique is widely used in solving problems caused by weak and strong scintillations. ...

Maps of GPS phase scintillation at high latitudes have been constructed after the first two years of operation of the Canadian High Arctic Ionospheric Network (CHAIN) during the 2008–2009 solar minimum. CHAIN consists of ten dual-frequency receivers, configured to measure amplitude and phase scintillation from L1 GPS signals and ionospheric total electron content (TEC) from L1 and L2 GPS signal...

Different indices have been used to reflect, or monitor the ionospheric scintillation, e.g. detrended carrier phase, σ φ , S 4 rate of change vertical total electron content index ( v ROTI), as well ionosphere‐free linear combination (IFLC) two phases. However, few studies performed investigate refractive and diffractive contributions these indices, especially during geomagnetic storms. In this...