The recent efficiency boosting of Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) solar cells is undoubtedly triggered by heavy alkali postdeposition treatments (PDTs). However, the effects are not obvious under monolithically integrated CIGS modules where various current-shunting sources can deteriorate device performance. Herein, It reported that KF PDT effectively suppress major shunting caused P1 and P3 laser scribing...

The development of thin-film photovoltaics has emerged as a promising solution to the global energy crisis within field solar cell technology. However, transitioning from laboratory scale large-area cells requires precise and high-quality scribes achieve required voltage reduce ohmic losses. Laser scribing shown great potential in preserving efficiency by minimizing drop geometrical fill factor...

This study aims to determine the planning and implementation of Koran reading writing program in improving ability read Koran. research is a qualitative descriptive research. Informants this were school principals, teachers Koran, students. with data analysis techniques namely observation, interviews documentation, while using collection reduction, presentation, drawing conclusions verification...

This paper describes the results of optimising three process variables (control factors) to achieve a narrow line width in laser engraving of ITO conductive coatings using the Taguchi technique of experimental design. The laser used is a NEC Q-switched continuous wave (CW) Nd:YAG laser operating at a wavelength of 1.064 μm. The three process variables explored are: Q-switch frequency, speed of ...

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Transparent conductive oxide (TCO) thin films were removed from glass substrates using femtosecond laser pulses. Irradiating through the glass, the threshold for complete TCO ablation was much lower than for front-side irradiation. Additionally, the former method created almost rectangular crosssectional groove profiles despite the Gaussian laser beam. This indicates a non-thermal ultrafast abl...