BACKGROUND Several mechanisms were suggested in the past to explain the beneficial effect of spinal cord stimulation (SCS) in patients suffering from neuropathic pain. Little is known about potential supraspinal mechanisms. OBJECTIVE In this study cortical signaling of patients with neuropathic pain and successful long-term treatment with SCS was analyzed. STUDY DESIGN Observational study. ...

OBJECTIVES This report addressed the question 'What is the clinical and cost-effectiveness of spinal cord stimulation (SCS) in the management of chronic neuropathic or ischaemic pain?' DATA SOURCES Thirteen electronic databases [including MEDLINE (1950-2007), EMBASE (1980-2007) and the Cochrane Library (1991-2007)] were searched from inception; relevant journals were hand-searched; and approp...

Supply chain management (SCM) is a strategic paradigm to coordinate cash, material, and information flows from raw material to customer. Supply chain simulation (SCS) is a strong and popular tool for designing, evaluating, and optimizing the structure of supply chains, and it requires an important task to estimate the effect of the planning to coordinate such flows in SCM. Stochastic natures ex...

This study proposes a model for the analysis and performance evaluation of e-supply chains (e-SCs), that are supply chains (SCs) in which actors are connected by Internet technologies. It is assumed that e-SC performances are influenced by the network organizational structures, by the criteria adopted to manage relationships among involved actors, and by the critical activities that the leading...

The objective was to examine the direct and correlated responses of linear type, yield traits, and somatic cell scores (SCS) to divergent selection for predicted transmitting ability for type (PTAT) in Holsteins, while maintaining selection for yield traits across lines. For four generations, one-half of the University of Nebraska research Holstein herd was bred to Holstein sires with PTAT > 1....

Langmuir surface pressure, small-angle neutron scattering (SANS), and neutron reflectivity (NR) studies have been performed to determine how formulation of the antifungal drug amphotericin B (AmB), with sodium cholesteryl sulfate (SCS)-as in Amphotec-affects its interactions with ergosterol-containing (model fungal cell) and cholesterol-containing (model mammalian cell) membranes. The effects o...

The ultimate goal of treating peripheral nerve defects is reconstructing continuity of the nerve stumps to regain nerve conduction and functional recovery. Clinically, autologous nerve grafts and Schwann cell (SC) therapy have limitations, such as the need for secondary surgery, sacrifice of another nerve and donor site complication. Adipose derived stem cells (ADSCs) may promise to be ideal al...

The myelination of axons in peripheral nerves requires precisely coordinated proliferation and differentiation of Schwann cells (SCs). We found that the activity of the mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1), a key signaling hub for the regulation of cellular growth and proliferation, is progressively extinguished as SCs differentiate during nerve development. To study the effects o...

BACKGROUND Despite the importance of relationships between somatic cell score (SCS) and currently selected traits (milk, fat and protein yield) of Holstein cows, there was a lack of comprehensive literature for it in Iran. Therefore we tried to examine heritabilities and relationships between these traits using a fixed-regression animal model and Bayesian inference. The data set consisted of 1,...

Because accurate characterization of health state is important for managing dairy herds, we propose to validate the use of a linear state-space model (LSSM) for evaluating monthly somatic cell scores (SCSs). To do so, we retrieved SCS from a dairy database and collected reports on clinical mastitis collected in 20 farms, during the period from January 2008 to December 2011 in the Walloon region...