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Many animals lower their resting metabolism (metabolic depression) when fasting or consuming inadequate food. We sought to document this response by subjecting five Steller sea lions to periods of: (1) complete fasting; or (2) restricting them to 50% of their normal herring diet. The sea lions lost an average of 1.5% of their initial body mass per day (2.30 kg/d) during the 9-14-day fast, and t...

The arrangement and number of the ponds and troughs, the water supply, the strain of brook trout, and their distribution in the ponds and troughs according to age, have remained unchanged since our first observations in 19o9. The crowding has gradually increased during these years, but the general external appearance of cleanliness of the ponds and troughs has not changed. Those containing the ...

A recent study of how food-seeking behavior in the sea slug Aplysia becomes compulsive provides new insights into the neural mechanisms of operant conditioning.

Steller Sea Lions, Pacific cod, and Atka mackerel are part of a complex, interrelated food web in the Aleutian Islands (Fig. 1). The effects of fishing policy changes, therefore, should be evaluated in both single-species and multispecies contexts. In particular, Atka mackerel are a central species in the Aleutian Islands food web, serving as both predator and prey for many species, as well as ...

In August 2005, there was an outbreak of food poisoning in a hotel under the jurisdiction of the Minamikaga Health Center, Ishikawa Prefecture, Japan. The health center’s investigation revealed that there were a total of 10 infected individuals. Two to 12 h (average 7 h) after the dinner that was considered responsible for the food poisoning, the patients developed diarrhea (100%), abdominal pa...

Swordfish (Xiphias gladius L., 1758) is an apex predator, highly migratory meso-pelagic fish widely distributed in the Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean. As top predators, this fish may be the end reservoir of the bioaccumulation of trace elements in a food chain because they occupy higher trophic levels and are an important food source, causing them to be potentially hazardous to consume. This ...

To determine the effects of feeding or starvation on resource allocation to body components during the reproductive cycle of Sphaerechinus granularis, sea urchins were placed in laboratory tanks and either fed ad libitum or starved during two different periods of their biological cycle, i.e. the mature stage and the recovery stage. The urchin growth was monitored over the whole experimental per...

 Post larvae of wild and cultured spawners of the Indian white shrimp (Penaeus indicus, Milne Edwards, 1837) were reared to market size, in commercial ponds of shrimp farming site of Helleh, in Bushehr Province, during a six months period. Environmental factors, management process and the diet used to feed shrimps were almost similar for both treatments. Averages of the weight, length, specific...

The Ross Sea is critically important in regulating Antarctic sea ice and is biologically productive, which makes changes in the region’s physical environment of global concern. We examined the effects of projected changes in atmospheric temperatures and winds on aspects of the ocean circulation likely important to primary production using a high-resolution sea ice-ocean-ice shelf model of the R...