The Geodynamics Experimental Ocean Satellite (GEOS-3) radar altimeter has provided some information on the dynamic sea-surface topography of the global oceans. Regional studies of the densely surveyed Sargasso Sea indicate that the average nontidal variability of the oceans is +/- 28 centimeters. Sea-surface highs and lows determined from GEOS-3 altimetry correlate favorably with eddy structure...

The transforming gene product of the S13 avian erythroblastosis virus, env-sea, is a member of the growth factor receptor class of tyrosine kinases. The env-sea precursor protein gp155env-sea is proteolytically processed into the mature cleavage products gp85env and gp70env-sea, which are subsequently terminally glycosylated and transported to the cell surface. Previous studies have shown that ...

Wind, wave and current interactions control the boundary fluxes, momentum and energy exchange between the atmosphere and the ocean, and within the water column. The wind wave effect on surface stress is investigated using a three-dimensional time-dependant ocean circulation model. The POM (Princeton Ocean Model) based model is implemented with realistic coastlines in South China Sea and emphasi...

We have made observations of X-band radar sea clutter from the sea surface and sea-surface state in the Uraga Suido Traffic Route, which is used by ships entering and leaving Tokyo Bay, and the nearby Daini Kaiho Sea Fortress. We estimated the distributions of reflected amplitudes due to sea clutter using models that assume Weibull, Log-Weibull, Log-normal, and K-distributions. We then compared...

Sea surface hemispherical broadband emissivity (BBE, 8–13.5 μm) is a vital parameter for calculating surface radiation budgets. Such data are currently unavailable. This paper proposes a lookup table-based method for retrieving sea surface hemispherical BBE values. The physically-based sea surface emissivity model of Wu and Smith, together with the optimal refractive index, were used to generat...

We use a large ensemble of simulations from the Community Earth System Model to quantify simulated changes in the twentieth and twenty-first century Arctic surface shortwave heating associated with changing incoming solar radiation and changing ice conditions. For increases in shortwave absorption associated with albedo reductions, the relative influence of changing sea ice surface properties a...

The thermal energy transfer from the sea surface to the atmosphere associated with a cold surge event was investigated with observations from radiosondes on the research vessel “Hakuho-maru” over the Philippine Sea in December 2012. These observations were analyzed, and the results were compared with those obtained from observations over the East China Sea in the Air Mass Transformation Experim...