Since 1996, genetically modified herbicide-resistant (HR) crops, particularly glyphosate-resistant (GR) crops, have transformed the tactics that corn, soybean, and cotton growers use to manage weeds. The use of GR crops continues to grow, but weeds are adapting to the common practice of using only glyphosate to control weeds. Growers using only a single mode of action to manage weeds need to ch...

In most agricultural systems, one of the major concerns is to reduce the growth of weeds. In most cases, removal of the weed population in agricultural fields involves the application of chemical herbicides, which has had successes in increasing both crop productivity and quality. However, concerns regarding the environmental and economic impacts of excessive herbicide applications have prompte...

Numerous genomic-based studies have provided insight to the physiological and evolutionary processes involved in developmental and environmental processes of model plants such as arabidopsis and rice. However, far fewer efforts have been attempted to use genomic resources to study physiological and evolutionary processes of weedy plants. Genomics-based tools such as extensive EST databases and ...

Imidazolinone herbicides, which include imazapyr, imazapic, imazethapyr, imazamox, imazamethabenz and imazaquin, control weeds by inhibiting the enzyme acetohydroxyacid synthase (AHAS), also called acetolactate synthase (ALS). AHAS is a critical enzyme for the biosynthesis of branched-chain amino acids in plants. Several variant AHAS genes conferring imidazolinone tolerance were discovered in p...

Sea weeds belonging to the Rhodophyceae (red algae) are an important source of bio active substances medicinal value. Many these used in drug development treat diseases caused by bacterial and fungal infections, inflammation, pain, arthritis, as well cancerous diseases. The paper chromatographic studies reveals that Grateloupia filicina contained photosynthetic pigment carotene Gracelaria corti...

In 1892 Barton described galls found on the sea weed Ascophyllum nodosum from the Isle of Cumbrae, west coast of Scotland, and from Stonehaven, east coast of Scotland. The affected areas on the thallus of the plant appeared as swellings covered with small rounded nodules, and were almost invariably confined to the parts of the thallus just above or below the air vesicles. A transverse section t...

Site-specific weed management requires sensing of the actual weed infestation levels in agricultural fields to adapt the management accordingly. However, sophisticated sensor systems are not yet in wider practical use, since they are not easily available for the farmers and their handling as well as the management practice requires additional efforts. A new sensor-based weed detection method is...