An accurate evaluation of the seasonal dynamics of respiratory microbial flora in extensively raised goats represents the first step in early identification of potentially highly pathogenic bacteria in this species. The aim of the study was to monitor the seasonal influence on the bacterial flora of the animals, and therefore a comparative evaluation of changes during winter and spring seasons....

BACKGROUND Recent elevated winter loss of honey bee colonies is a major concern. The presence of the mite Varroa destructor in colonies places an important pressure on bee health. V. destructor shortens the lifespan of individual bees, while long lifespan during winter is a primary requirement to survive until the next spring. We investigated in two subsequent years the effects of different lev...

Captive adult male jaguars (Panthera onca) from two locations in southeast Brazil were studied to evaluate the effects of season on endocrine and testicular function. For assessment of testicular steroidogenic activity, androgen metabolite concentrations were measured in fecal samples collected one to three times per week over 14 ( n=14 ), 9 ( n=1 ) or 7 months ( n=1 ). To assess seasonality, d...

In temperate regions, the seasonal dynamics of Aedes aegypti (L.) (Diptera: Culicidae) is mainly influenced by temperature. It is assumed that, during the winter season, the population remains as eggs and that the development and population growth of surviving eggs begin during the following spring. The aim of the current study was to assess the temporal dynamics of egg hatching of Ae. aegypti ...

Winter annual weeds become a major problem during winter dormancy in warm-season turfgrass stands. In the transition zone, glyphosate application is common practice to reduce weed competition zoysiagrass before emerging from spring. Research was conducted on effects of timings spring greenup and quality experimental genotypes compared commercially available cultivars. Preliminary data this stud...

The Arctic sea ice cover has decreased strongly in extent, thickness, volume and age in recent decades. The melt season presents a significant challenge for sea ice forecasting due to uncertainty associated with the role of surface melt ponds in ice decay at regional scales. This study quantifies the relationships of spring melt pond fraction (fp) with both winter sea ice roughness and thicknes...

temperature and precipitation are among important atmospheric parameters for watershed planning. assessment of temperature and precipitation trends is very important for future watershed planning. in this paper, trends of atmospheric parameters such as seasonal and annual temperature and precipitation were examined for the synoptic stations of bandar anzali, rasht, ramsar, babolsar and gorgan. ...

High yielding irrigated hard red winter wheat (HRW, Triticum aestivum L.) is frequently low in protein and marketed at a discount. Protein is affected by available nitrogen (N) but few published reports relate to N fertilization practices for producing high yielding irrigated hard red winter wheat with acceptable protein in arid environments. A three year study (1985–1987) was conducted (1) to ...

Impacts of livestock grazing in arid and semiarid environments are often concentrated in and around wetlands where animals congregate for water, cooler temperatures, and green forage. We assessed the impacts of winter-spring (November-May) cattle grazing on marsh vegetation cover and occupancy of a highly secretive marsh bird that relies on dense vegetation cover, the California Black Rail (Lat...