CONTEXT Emerging evidence suggests a possible link between brown adipose tissue (BAT) and bone metabolism. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to examine the relationships between BAT and bone cross-sectional dimensions in children and adolescents. DESIGN This was a cross-sectional study. SETTING The study was conducted at a pediatric referral center. PATIENTS Patients included 40...

BACKGROUND This study describes reference data for L3 vertebra and its 3 ossification centers at varying gestational ages. MATERIAL AND METHODS Using CT, digital-image analysis and statistics, the growth of L3 vertebra and its 3 ossification centers in 55 spontaneously aborted human fetuses aged 17-30 weeks was examined. RESULTS Neither sex nor right-left significant differences were found....

INTRODUCTION Children with cleft lip and palate (CLP) are known to have airway problems. Previous studies have shown that individuals with CLP have a 30% reduction in nasal airway size compared to non-cleft controls. No reports have been found on cross-sectional area and volume of the pharyngeal airway in clefts. Introduction of Cone-Beam CT (CBCT) and imaging software has facilitated generatio...

How blood flow and pressure to the giraffe's brain are regulated when drinking remains debated. We measured simultaneous blood flow, pressure, and cross-sectional area in the carotid artery and jugular vein of five anesthetized and spontaneously breathing giraffes. The giraffes were suspended in the upright position so that we could lower the head. In the upright position, mean arterial pressur...

BACKGROUND The relationship between severity of preoperative radiographic findings and surgical outcomes following decompression for lumbar degenerative spinal canal stenosis is unclear. Our aim in this paper was to gain insight into this relationship. We determined pre-operative radiographic severity on MRI scans using strict methodological controls and correlated such severity with post-opera...

PURPOSE To determine the appropriate image acquisition parameters for an accurate measurement of vessel cross-sectional area from MR angiography (MRA) images. MATERIALS AND METHODS A series of images with different vessel cross-sectional areas, resolutions, and signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) were simulated and validated experimentally. Dynamic programming (DP) was employed to determine the acc...

To establish more accurate equations for estimating the moment arm length and cross-sectional area of the erector spinae and rectus abdominis muscles, the effects of height, weight and age on those muscles were analyzed by using a high-order polynomial equation. Data on the moment arm length and cross-sectional area at L3/4 were obtained from MRI images of 152 males and 98 females. The statisti...

OBJECTIVES We examined the association between the size and cross-sectional area of the superior vestibular nerve as measured on constructive interference in steady-state (CISS) parasagittal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and the vestibular nerve function as measured by electronystagmography. METHODS The retrospective observational cohort study took place at an academic tertiary referral ce...

PURPOSE The improvement of testicular volume, testosterone levels and sperm concentration was suggested to be significantly associated with the number of internal spermatic veins (ISVs) ligated during varicocelectomy. Herein, we investigated preoperative color Doppler ultrasonography (CDU) findings as potential preoperative predictors of the number of ISVs requiring ligation during microsurgica...

PURPOSE To look for correlation between obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) and axial cross-sectional area of the narrowed oropharyngeal lumen. METHODS Thirty-six men with OSAS and 10 control subjects underwent polysomnography with registration of oxygen saturation and number of sleep apnea episodes and their duration. Nine of them underwent uvulopalatopharyngoplasty and repeated polysomn...