Grievance and reduced opportunity costs are two popular ideas within the civil war literature to explain participation in violent rebellion. We test both hypotheses at the village-level using data on recruitment activities during the civil war in Burundi. We use historical data on violent attacks in 1972 and 1988 as a proxy for grievance. The cross-sectional analyses report no effect of grievan...

Aim: The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of myths related to dentistry in the rural population of Bareilly District. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted in six blocks of Bareilly district in a sample of 540 individuals. A self-designed questionnaire consisting of 90 questions under six domains which was investigator-administered was used for data colle...

Background/Objectives Few studies have applied the Chinese Diet Balance Index (DBI) in evaluating dietary quality for Chinese people. The present cross-sectional study assessed dietary quality based on DBI for older people, and the associated factors, in four socioeconomically distinct regions in China.

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This study adds to the emerging literature explaining public opinion toward transgender rights by demonstrating the importance of elite cues for such an opinion. Data from two cross-sectional surveys conducted in 2015 and 2016 measure public opinion on several policies affecting transgender people. Consistent with Zaller [1992. The Nature and Origins of Mass Opinion. Cambridge, MA: Cambridge Un...

The growing number of Nigerian higher education institutions should improve development of moral reasoning in Nigeria, assuming these institutions have a similar impact as institutions have had in the United States. To test this hypothesis, this study completed a cross-sectional survey of a Christian higher education institution in Nigeria using the Defining Issues Test (DIT2), a proven tool fo...

The use of cross-over trials in investigating treatments for infertility is discussed. A simple possible approach to analyzing such trials using the Mantel-Haenszel procedure is explained. A more flexible approach based on the normal-binomial mixture model of Ezzet and Whitehead is examined. It is shown how this may be implemented in various statistical packages by applying it to two real examp...

OBJECTIVES To examine the relationship between nonmedical use of prescription opioids and heroin initiation from childhood to young adulthood, and to test whether certain ages, racial/ethnic, and income groups were at higher risk for this transition. STUDY DESIGN Among a nationally representative sample of US adolescents assessed in the 2004-2011 National Surveys on Drug Use and Health cross-...

Age-related changes in brain structure result from a complex interplay among various neurobiological processes, which may contribute to more complex trajectories than what can be described by simple linear or quadratic models. We used a nonparametric smoothing spline approach to delineate cross-sectionally estimated age trajectories of the volume of 17 neuroanatomic structures in 1100 healthy a...