[1] We investigate the relationship between solar irradiance and cosmogenic isotope variations by simulating with a flux transport model the effect of solar activity on the Sun’s total and open magnetic flux. As the total amount of magnetic flux deposited in successive cycles increases, the polar fields build up, producing a secular increase in the open flux that controls the interplanetary mag...

Demographic change and automation are two major structural trends that will shape the macroeconomy in coming decades. We present a general equilibrium model with tractable lifecycle structure enables investigation of main transmission mechanisms through which demography technology affect economic growth. Owing to trade-off between innovation automation, lower fertility population ageing lead re...

In forensic investigation, there are difficulties in stature and gender estimation of bodies dismembered in mass destruction and criminal mutilation. An individual’s hand or foot, when recovered and brought for forensic examination, can provide valuable information about a person’s identity. Stature provides insight into various features of a population, including nutrition, health and genetics...

Levels and changes in self-reported physical activity over a 7-year period were examined to determine tracking and to estimate the proportion of total cohort change attributable to secular trends. A population-based sample of 2,328 men and 2,787 women aged 18-30 years at baseline (52% black and 48% white) from Birmingham, Alabama, Chicago, Illinois, Minneapolis, Minnesota, and Oakland, Californ...

OBJECTIVE To analyze and assess secular change in stature in rural children and adolescents in China from 1985 to 2010. METHODS Data were obtained from the 6 rounds of the Chinese National Survey on Student's Constitution and Health. The subjects enrolled in the study were children and adolescents aged 7-18 years in rural areas of provincial capitals. RESULTS An overall positive secular tre...

BACKGROUND Several studies showed that the waist circumference of US adults has increased over the past 25 y. However, because of the high correlation between waist circumference and body mass index (BMI; in kg/m²) (r ∼ 0.9), it is uncertain if these trends in waist circumference exceed those expected on the basis of BMI changes over this time period. OBJECTIVE We assessed whether the recent ...

BACKGROUND Secular trends in cardiovascular risk factors have been described, but few studies have examined simultaneously the effects of both ageing and secular trends within the same cohort. METHODS Development of cardiovascular risk factors over the past three decades was analysed using serial measurements from 10 308 participants aged from 35 to 80 years over 25 years of follow-up from fi...

Department of Science, Ayesha Sadeeqa Post Graduates Girls College, Rajanpur; Pakistan E-mail: [email protected] [email protected] Tel.: +92 3330683844 Adolescent girls when face bleeding from vagina for the first time; is known as menarche that influence lateral life. This review summarizes the findings of important associated environmental factors and reasons in determining the secular tr...

Female fertility declines dramatically with age, and childbearing at older maternal ages has significant medical consequences for mother and infant that are well-known to health professionals. Despite this, the average maternal age in the United States continues to rise. Many factors likely contribute to this secular trend; to date, no research has examined whether American women are aware of t...