Process mining is a research discipline that applies data analysis and computational intelligence techniques to extract knowledge from event logs of information systems. It aims provide new means discover, monitor, improve processes. has gained particular attention over recent years process software tools, both academic commercial, have been developed. This paper provides survey tools. identifi...

The frontloading trend in the presidential primary system has been widely criticized for creating disparities among states their level of influence over selection process. This article examines general motivations, benefits, and consequences state participation frontloading. It focuses upon Pennsylvania, which not joined trend. Presidential primaries Pennsylvania have become increasingly uncomp...

Purpose: An oversupply of qualified applicants leads to intense competition for the limited number of first year orthopedic residency positions. Therefore program directors can be more selective in choosing their future residents. However, it is unclear if there are resident characteristics that correspond with trainee performance. Methods: We asked 1. What resident characteristics are as...

the objective of this article is to develop an empirically based framework for formulating and selecting a vendor in supply chain. this study applies the fuzzy set theory to evaluate the vendor selection decision. applying analytic hierarchy process (ahp) in obtaining criteria weights and applied technique for order performance by similarity to idea solution (topsis) for obtaining final ranking...

In a recent paper, Traulsen and Nowak use a multilevel selection model to show that cooperation can be favored by group selection in finite populations [Traulsen A, Nowak M (2006) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 103:10952-10955]. The authors challenge the view that kin selection may be an appropriate interpretation of their results and state that group selection is a distinctive process "that permeates ...