BACKGROUND There is at present no agreement on the type of test meal to be used when performing EGG. To our knowledge the response of the stomach to high carbohydrate isocaloric meals of different consistencies has not been formally assessed. AIM To study 1) the effects of high carbohydrate meals of varying consistency on EGG activity; and 2) the effects of increasing the calorie content of a...

pastes, cream emulsions, gels, and rigid foams. Their common property is the ability to cling to the application surface for a reasonable period of time before they are washed off or worn off. They usually serve as vehicles for topically applied drugs, as emollients, or as protective or occlusive dressings, or they may be applied to the skin and membranes such as the rectal, buccal, nasal, and ...

UNLABELLED BACKGROUND Evolution has selected for organisms that benefit from genetically encoded cell-cell communication. Engineers have begun to repurpose elements of natural communication systems to realize programmed pattern formation and coordinate other population-level behaviors. However, existing engineered systems rely on system-specific small molecules to send molecular messages amo...

In recent years, the dynamic aspects of oral perception food have increasingly been taken into account in texture characterization. At same time, experimental settings instrumental measurements also emulating “oral contexts” more closely. The related to in-mouth handling that incorporated studies include using saliva as a key material. Semisolid (or liquid) does not usually need mastication but...

Free-living diazotrophs are diverse and ubiquitous in soil, contributing the nitrogen pool in natural ecosystems. The isolation of nitrogen-fixing microorganisms has relied on semisolid nitrogen-free medium enrichment, followed by multiple subculturing steps. These procedures limit the diversity of recovered isolates. In the current study, we investigated three different isolation strategies fo...

A semisolid dosage form of clonazepam (CZP), administered to the oral cavity between the lower gum and bottom lip with small volume of saline, was developed to obtain the stable dosage which can replace the injection dosage form. Semisolid dosage forms were prepared using a mixture of CZP/(polyethylene glycol 1500 (PEG))/(oleic acid (OA)) at the ratios of 1/39/0, 1/37/2 and 2/36/2 (w/w), named ...