Scapular dysfunction is a relatively common orthopaedic problem, resulting from a variety of conditions that includes deconditioning and primary shoulder pathology. In most patients, rehabilitation leads to a resolution of symptoms. Occasionally, scapular winging (Figure 1) is refractory to nonsurgical treatment. In most of these patients, scapular winging results from serratus anterior dysfunc...

Background: Rib fractures are very common and detected in at least 10% of all injured patients, the majority which because blunt thoracic trauma with road traffic collisions being main cause. Pain management acutely patient rib can be difficult for even most experienced emergency physician. Objective: To evaluate safety efficacy serratus anterior muscle plane block as a regional analgesic tech...

Fine flexible wire microelectrodes chronically implanted in the fifth lumbar ventral root (L5 VR) of 17 cats rendered stable records of the natural discharge patterns of 164 individual axons during locomotion on a treadmill. Fifty-one out of 164 axons were identified as motoneurons projecting to the anterior thigh muscle group. For these axons, the centrifugal propagation of action potentials w...

We have studied the segmental innervation of 2 rat skeletal muscles, the diaphragm and the serratus anterior. Both muscles are thin, flat, and composed of several sectors that form a clear rostrocaudal progression. Each is innervated through a single nerve, which is in turn supplied by motor neurons from several cervical spinal segments. Using intracellular recording, we found that in both case...

A posterolateral thoracotomy incision which spares the latissimus dorsi and serratus anterior muscles and provides adequate exposure for major thoracic procedures and structures in the posterior hilum is described. Preservation of these accessory muscles of respiration results in improved respiratory dynamics, decreased postoperative pain, and early recovery.

We present two cases of serratus anterior free fascial flap combined with vascularized scapular bone graft for reconstruction of traumatized dorsal hand and phalangeal bone defects. Composite flaps with single vascular pedicles allowed conservation of severely injured fingers and provided good functional and cosmetic outcomes.