A grade-separated crossing allows a bicycle/pedestrian to continue over or under barrier without conflict with vehicle. However, the serviceability of these facilities is compromised in underdeveloped countries, including Pakistan. This research examines effectiveness pedestrian bridges and underpasses terms their usage by pedestrians. total 80,017 crossings were observed at four sites (3 overh...

In this study, the optimum design of a three-dimensional framed steel structure subjected to blast loading is considered. The main idea research develop practical formulation for optimization problem and study effect including loads in process. formulated minimize total weight American Institution Steel Construction (AISC) strength requirements displacement constraints. variables beams columns ...

Optimum design of singly and doubly reinforced beams with uniformly distributed and concentrated load has been done by incorporating actual self weight of beam, parabolic stress block, moment-equilibrium and serviceability constraints besides other constraints. Also, this design expertise has been incorporated into a genetically optimized artificial neural network based on steepest descent, ada...

Tension stiffening is an essential effect that influences the behaviour of concrete structures under serviceability conditions, mainly regarding crack control and deflection behaviour. Serviceability conditions can be studied experimentally by running so-called uniaxial tensile test. This paper reports extensive experimental research conducted to study reinforced Ultra-High Performance Fibre-Re...

Abstract The earthquake is the most devastating and unexpected natural phenomenon, causing massive damage to both human lives infrastructure. In this study, two different irregulars Reinforced Cement Concrete (RCC) building plans of 25 th story buildings with ground floor (G+25) 9 storey (G+9) were subjected four zones making a total eight model structures test their ability withstand gravity s...