In conventional wastewater treatment, biological nutrient removal (BNR) depends on bacterial assimilation for phosphorus removal and nitrification+denitrification for nitrogen removal, with the resulting loss of the fixed nitrogen resource. Alternatively, treatment by microalgae allows for assimilative removal of both phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N) thereby avoiding the oxygen demand of nitrifi...

A new procedure is used for separating Testacea from soil, based on dispersion, sequential centrifugation settling, and subsequent filtration of the soil suspension. Combined with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), this procedure allows accurate enumeration of Testacea, with a recovery rate of 90% and more precise counting (relative standard deviation, RSD: 5%) of Testacea than in previous works.

water obtained from any source may contain impurities induced by erosion, dissolved minerals, dissolved gases and material produced from organic matter decomposing. if the amount of these substances exceed a certain limit, not only the water would not be potable, but the water containing the material will not be suitable to be used in most applications, or at least before treatment cannot be ap...

[1] For hillslopes undergoing ‘‘diffusive’’ soil transport, it is often assumed that the soil flux is proportional to the local land-surface gradient, where the coefficient of proportionality is like a diffusion coefficient. Inasmuch as transport involves quasirandom soil particle motions related to biomechanical mixing and similar dilational processes, a slope-dependent relation arises from a ...

Settling behavior of the binary-weighted switched-capacitor digital-to-analog converter output is analyzed and a design method for fast settling is presented. A calibration circuit that effectively reduces settling time beyond the process limit is also proposed and verified with various simulations.