UNLABELLED The penetration of a sealant into the tooth fissures can establish longer retention time for a pit and fissure sealant restoration. AIM This in vitro study was to evaluate the penetration ability of two low-viscosity resin materials, a composite and a compomer, applied with and without their bonding agents in comparison to an unfilled resin sealant. METHODS Forty premolars with s...

We investigate the representational power of sum-product networks (computation networks analogous to neural networks, but whose individual units compute either products or weighted sums), through a theoretical analysis that compares deep (multiple hidden layers) vs. shallow (one hidden layer) architectures. We prove there exist families of functions that can be represented much more efficiently...

The usage of reclaimed water can efficiently mitigate water crises, but it may cause groundwater pollution. To clearly understand the potential influences of long-term reclaimed water usage, a total of 91 samples of shallow and deep groundwater were collected from a typical reclaimed water use area during the dry and rainy seasons. The results suggest both shallow and deep groundwater are mainl...

The Mikkes basin is located at the north center of Morocco. It comprises three different zones which represent diversified geologies which shelter a phreatic and confined aquifer in the Sais basin and a shallow aquifer in the Tabular Middle Atlas. The springs in the Sais phreatic aquifer have suffered a maximum depletion. The springs with a deep or mixed origin are known as low flow variation s...

Deep sea scleractinian corals will be particularly vulnerable to the effects of climate change, facing loss of up to 70% of their habitat as the Aragonite Saturation Horizon (below which corals are unable to form calcium carbonate skeletons) rises. Persistence of deep sea scleractinian corals will therefore rely on the ability of larvae to disperse to, and colonise, suitable shallow-water habit...

Aquatically mating male harbour seals, Phoca vitulinamust balance the competing demands of foraging and reproduction while at sea during the breeding season. Time-depth recorders (TDRs) were attached to 31 adult male harbour seals to investigate changes in diving behaviour at Sable Island, Nova Scotia, during the 1992-1994 breeding seasons. Male seals were captured, fitted with TDRs and weighed...