Recent numerical studies in the area of transition to turbulence discovered that the classical plane Couette flow, plane Poiseuille flow, and pipe Poiseuille flow share some universal 3D steady coherent structure in the form of a “streak-roll-critical layer”. As the Reynolds number approaches infinity, the steady coherent structure approaches a 3D limiting shear of the form (U(y, z), 0, 0) in v...

STUDY DESIGN A biomechanical in vitro study on porcine and human spinal segments. OBJECTIVE To investigate axial rotational stability of the thoracic spine under dorsal and ventral shear loads. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA Idiopathic scoliosis is a condition restricted exclusively to humans. An important difference between humans and other vertebrates is the fact that humans ambulate in a ful...

Semi-solid materials undergo strain localization and shear band formation as a result of granular nature of semi-solid deformation. In the present study, to analyze the shear localization, a unified viscoplastic constitutive model was developed for the homogeneous flow. Then, a linearized analysis of the stability performed by examining the necessary condition for the perturbation growth. For t...

Abstract: Dropsondes from the NOAA G-IV aircraft were used to examine the presence of low bulk Richardson number (RB) in tropical cyclones. At least one 400-m layer above z = 7.5 km exhibited RB < 1 in 96% of sondes, and RB ≤ 0.25 in 35% of sondes. The latter represent almost certain turbulence. Sondes from major Hurricane Ivan (2004) were examined in detail. Turbulent layers fell into three br...