ÐThe aromatic diacid residue 4,6-dibenzofuranbispropionic acid (1) was designed to nucleate a parallel b-sheet-like structure in small peptides in aqueous solution via a hydrogen-bonded hydrophobic cluster. Even though a 14-membered ring hydrogen bond necessary for parallel b-sheet formation is favored in simple amides composed of 1, this hydrogen bonding interaction does not appear to be suci...

The ice sheet-climate interaction as well as the climatic response to orbital parameters and atmospheric CO 2 content are examined in order to drive an ice sheet model throughout an ice age cycle. Feedback processes between ice sheet and atmosphere are analyzed by numerical experiments using a high resolution General Circulation 5 Model (GCM) under different conditions at the Last Glacial Maxim...

Orthopedic surgeons have long been troubled by cases involving nonunion of fractured bones. This study aimed to enhance bone union by cell sheet transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells. A nonunion model was made in rat femur, and rat bone marrow cells were cultured in medium containing dexamethasone and ascorbic acid phosphate to create a cell sheet that could be scraped off as a single sheet...

A new strategy for the layout of integrated resistors that minimizes yield loss due to random sheet resistance variations for a given area in ratio-critical applications is introduced. The strategy is based upon the optimal partitioning of area between the resistors that must be ratio-matched and on the practical realization of the partitioned resistors with unit resistor cells. This strategy p...

A novel method for direct extraction of deep-submicron MOSFET effective channel length is proposed, which requires only a single measurement of the “critical-current at linear-threshold” (“Icrit @ Vt0”) based on the maximum-gm definition. With a simple calibration of the channel sheet resistance from the long-channel Icrit data, the effective channel length of any short-channel device on the sa...

1. Don’t even open this until you are told to do so. 2. Be sure to mark your section number (508, 509 or 510) and your test form (A, B, C or D) on the scantron! 3. Sign your name where indicated on your scantron and write your Tuesday section number and computer number beside it. Also, you must place your scantron in the correct section stack (for next Tuesday). 4. There are 20 multiple-choice ...

The aim of this paper is to improve the quality level by finding out the root causes of the quality related problems. Quality control tools are important tools used widely at manufacturing field to monitor the overall operation and continuous process improvement. Check Sheet, Pareto Diagram, Histogram, Cause-and-effect diagram, Control Chart, Run-Chart and Scatter-Diagram are used in enhancing ...

Near-field microwave microscopy has created the opportunity for a new class of electrodynamics experiments of materials. Freed from the constraints of traditional microwave optics, experiments can be carried out at high spatial resolution over a broad frequency range. In addition, the measurements can be done quantitatively so that images of microwave materials properties can be created. We rev...

The Lubrizol Corporation is a specialty chemical company with headquarters near Cleveland, Ohio. Lubrizol was founded over 60 years ago and has enjoyed a reputation for being a leader in the innovative development of specialty chemicals for use in industry and agriculture. A small manufacturing facility is located on the corporate headquarters site. Two large manufacturing facilities complete t...

This paper considers a robot in the formof a self-folding sheet that is capable of origami-style autonomous folding. The sheet is composed of triangular tiles, folding actuators and an integrated electronic substrate, and is formed as an n×m box-pleated crease pattern. The design of the sheet is generated by an automated sheet design algorithm. We control the sheet with a programming method inc...