STUB. 1 Time-frequency Models Useful manipulations of sound signals—such as time stretching, pitch shifting, and timbral interpolation—depend on time-frequency models of a sound consisting of amplitudeand frequency-modulated sinusoidal partials. We use the exponential presentation of a complex-valued signal ψ:

Cognitive flexibility plays an important role in an individual's ability to adapt to a continuously changing environment and is considered central to goal-oriented behavior. Accordingly, increasing attention has been devoted to understanding the factors, including genetic and early life experiences, which might contribute to individual differences in this ability. In the present investigation, ...

The phase vocoder[1] has long been a well established tool in pitch shifting technology. It analyzes and synthesizes audio signal via short-time Fourier Transform. Unfortunately, Fourier Transform leads to the inevitable inherent frequency leakage which decreases the accuracy of the pitch shifting effect [2]. In order to restrain this side effect, window functions are used to intercept audio. H...

The Hong’s modified histogram shifting method is best method of reversible watermarking. But Hong’s modified histogram method is not suitable for cartoon images. Our improved backward histogram shifting method overcome drawback of Hong’s method. Generally PSNR decreases when embedding capacity increases. But our improved backward histogram shifting method gives more embedding capacity and high ...

The modified histogram shifting method proposed by Hong et. al.(2010) is best method of reversible watermarking[16]. The shifting of pixels are more in Hong et. al.(2010) method. Even Hong et. al.(2010) method of modified histogram shifting has less embedding capacity and do not provide enough quality for general purpose image. Our forward modified histogram shifting method overcomes all these ...

In Gradient Echo (GE) images, susceptibility artifact induces both intravoxel dephasing and pixel shifting (Fig. 2-a) leading to intensity and geometric distortions [1] that may disturb image analysis. In previous works, correction of GE images is assessed by modifying acquisition parameters or by using specific sequences [2]. All the proposed techniques always constrain the acquisition process...

Digital watermark is a technique used to protect the ownership of images and their associated software. A useful watermark scheme should be visually imperceptible and must be robust to resist various attacks: such as JPEG compression, pixel-shifting, cropping, blurring, etc. In this paper, we propose a public watermarking system to protect image processing software and images. We embed a binary...

A combination of simulations and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was used to examine the effect of three ionic solutes ~KCl, NaCl, and KSCN!, the polar solute urea, and the osmolyte trimethylamine-N-oxide ~TMAO! on a water structure. The ionic solutes increase the mean water– water H-bond angle in their first hydration shell concomitantly shifting the OH stretching mode to higher freque...

This paper proposes a real-time variable-Q non-stationary Gabor transform (VQ-NSGT) system for speech pitch shifting. The system allows for time-frequency representations of speech on variable-Q (VQ) with perfect reconstruction and computational efficiency. The proposed VQ-NSGT phase vocoder can be used for pitch shifting by simple frequency translation (transposing partials along the frequency...

Short insertions and deletions (InDels) comprise an important part of the natural mutational repertoire. InDels are, however, highly deleterious, primarily because two-thirds result in frame-shifts. Bypass through slippage over homonucleotide repeats by transcriptional and/or translational infidelity is known to occur sporadically. However, the overall frequency of bypass and its relation to se...